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FLASH GENE
Symbol KRT19 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 31-03-2016
HGNC name keratin 19
HGNC id 6436
Location 17q21.2      Physical location : 39.679.869 - 39.684.641
Synonym name
  • keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19
  • cytokeratin 19
  • 40-kDa keratin intermediate filament
    • Synonym symbol(s) K19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    STRUCTURE 4.80 kb     6 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter (CAAT box) (TATA box)
    Binding site
    text structure Sp1binding sites, CAAT box , TATA box (cholangiocyte -specific promoter)
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    6 - 1490 44.1 400 - Iyer (2008)
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
     liver   moderately
    Endocrinepancreas   predominantly
    Lymphoid/Immunethymus   lowly
    Reproductivefemale systemovary  highly
     female systemplacenta  highly
     female systembreastmammary gland predominantly
    Skin/Tegumentskin appendagesnails   
     skin appendageshairfollicle  
    Visualeye   highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Epithelialbarrier/liningretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) highly
    Epithelialsecretoryglandularendocrinemoderately
    Epithelialsensoryolfactory moderately
    Epithelialsensorygustatory  
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Gustatorybasal cell
    Olfactorybasal cell
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo
    Text tissue at a moderately level
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES acid
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • conserved central rod domain, with four helical domains (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B) interrupted by non alpha helical linkers (L1, 2, 3)
  • the homology domain H1, by variable region (V1, V2) and end sequences (E1, E2)
  • lacking the C-terminal tail domain
    • mono polymer heteromer , tetramer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Krt1-19 (82.00 pc)
    homolog to murine Krt19 (82.75 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • intermediate filament family
  • type I keratin family
    • CATEGORY structural protein
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,intermed filament
    basic FUNCTION
  • involved in the organization of myofibers
  • playing a role in the structural integrity of epithelial cells
  • associated with KRT8, helping to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle
  • keratin filaments containing KRT19- and desmin-based intermediate filaments can likely play independent, complementary, or antagonistic roles in the physiology and morphology of fast-twitch skeletal muscle
  • CASP14 emerged as a marker of human skin differentiation during development, while KRT19 marked the germinative epithelial layers in the fetal epidermis and appendages and possibly the nests of epidermal stem cells
  • smallest known type I intermediate filament, used as a marker for reverse transcriptase PCR-mediated detection of disseminated tumors
  • is a potential tumor suppressor that negatively regulates AKT1 signaling through modulation of EGR1 nuclear localization
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • PNN
  • DMD
  • HCV
  • PLS1 interacts with KRT19, possibly contributing to anchoring the rootlets to the keratin network
  • KRT19 phosphorylated by AKT1 could bind ERBB2 on the plasma membrane and stabilized ERBB2 via inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation of ERBB2
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --other  
    aberrantly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma expressing having a higher rate of recurrence
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • both KRT19 and ANXA8 mRNA may be useful markers for detecting lymph node metastases in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) patients
  • sensitive marker to identify yolk sac tumours of the testis and to distinguish them from other germ cell tumours, especially seminomas and embryonic carcinomas
  • used as a biomarker for the detection of disseminated tumors
  • KRT19 expression can be used as a prognostic marker in breast cancer
  • high levels of fecal KRT19 mRNA represent a potential marker for colorectal malignancy and for aggressive treatment of younger CRC patients
    • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of mice lacking keratin 19 (K19) lose costameres, accumulate mitochondria under the sarcolemma, and generate lower specific tension than controls