basic FUNCTION
| heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and |
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effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit |
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RGS7, RGS11, and their binding partner GNB5 are localized to the dendritic tips of retinal ON bipolar cells (ON-BPC), and act in parallel to regulate the kinetics of ON bipolar cell responses, with differential impacts on the rod and cone pathways |
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necessity of GNB5 for normal recovery in photoreceptors and light responses in ON-bipolar cellsand it may also be important for the generation and propagation of spontaneous retinal waves in retina and proper synapse formation in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) |
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is an essential stabilizer of such regulator of G protein signaling proteins and regulates the deactivation of retinal phototransduction and the proper functioning of retinal bipolar cells |
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role of GNB5 in the retina, and likely in the entire nervous system, mediated exclusively by RGS7 proteins |
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direct role of GNB5 in the control of heart rate, hypotonia, and vision |
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is crucial for parasympathetic control of heart rate, but not for sympathetic control, suggesting that lack of GNB5 is associated with extreme bradycardia at rest |
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importance of GNB5 for neuronal signaling, including the regulation of the antagonistic effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system |