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FLASH GENE
Symbol FOLR2 contributors: mct - updated : 22-12-2017
HGNC name folate receptor 2 (fetal)
HGNC id 3793
Location 11q13.4      Physical location : 71.927.818 - 71.932.993
Synonym name folate binding protein placental
Synonym symbol(s) FRP3, FRB, FBP2, FOL2, FRbeta
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
STRUCTURE 5.18 kb     5 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
text structure
  • a TATA polyadenylation signal in the 3' unstranslated region
  • a 5' flanking sequence containing the promoter elements (G rich sequence binding SP1 and ets motif binding GABP)
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
    regionally located telomeric of the FGF3 locus
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    5 - 1145 - 255 - 2013 24206618
    5 - 1133 - 255 - 2013 24206618
    5 - 1127 - 255 - 2013 24206618
    5 - 1139 - 255 - 2013 24206618
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    blood / hematopoieticspleen    
     thymus    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    Connectivebone   
    Lymphoid    
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period fetal, pregnancy
    Text placenta, spleen, thymus, bone marrow
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • putative 16 AA
  • NH2 signal peptide
  • two potential sites for N glycosylation
  • secondary structure eight disulfide bonds
    conjugated GlycoP
    mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Folr2
    homolog to C.elegans C15C8.5
    intraspecies homolog to FOLR1
    Homologene
    FAMILY folate receptor family
    CATEGORY receptor membrane
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    basic FUNCTION
  • delivery of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells
  • may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment in association with systemic metastasis through the interaction with tumor cells and vessels
  • constitutes a marker for human proinflammatory monocytes
  • FOLR1, FOLR2, and FOLR3 are suggested to play essential roles in transporting folate from maternal intestinal lumen to the developing embryo
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • folate, acid folic and reduced folic acid derivatives
  • FOLR2 is a novel ITGAM/ITGB2 regulator for trafficking and homing of a subset of macrophages on collagen
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --other  
    in synovial monocytes from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    constitutional     --over  
    in activated macrophages commonly involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
    constitutional     --low  
    severe Pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with decreased placental expression of FOLR2
    Susceptibility to meningomyelocele (MM)
    Variant & Polymorphism SNP
  • rs13908, statistically significant for association to MM
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
  • FOLR2 positive macrophages in the stroma could serve as a useful indicator of a tumor metastatic potential
  • expression of FOLR2 on activated macrophages holds a promising potential for early diagnosis and better analysis of optimal treatment regiments of vascular diseases in association with systemic diseases
  • is a marker for M2 regulatory macrophage polarization and indicating that folate conjugates of therapeutic drugs are a potential immunotherapy tool to target tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerendocrinepancreas
    FOLR2 macrophages may be promising a targeting therapy for pancreatic cancer
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    Folr2 knockout mice