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FLASH GENE
Symbol ENG contributors: mct - updated : 28-03-2015
HGNC name endoglin
HGNC id 3349
Corresponding disease
JPS4 juvenile polyposis syndrome
ORW1 Rendu-Osler-Weber disease 1
Location 9q34.11      Physical location : 130.577.291 - 130.617.047
Synonym name CD105 antigen
Synonym symbol(s) END, CD105, HHT1, FLJ41744, ORW
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 39.76 kb     14 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
- - - 65 587 produced by the placenta 2006 16751767
  • soluble, present in pregnant women, elevated in preeclampsia and increased with disease severity
  • interfering with TGFB1 signaling and NOS3 activation in endothelial cells, disrupting maintenance of vascular health
  • 14 - 3142 67.5 625 - 1998 9845534
    overexpressed in preeclampsia
    15 - 3072 - 658 - 1998 9845534
    15 - 2817 - 476 - 1998 9845534
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularvessel     Homo sapiens
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    Connectivecartilage   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell Homo sapiens
    Lymphoid/Immunemacrophage
    not specificchondrocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo
    Text highly in syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblast cells
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • an extracellular segment, encoded by exons 1
  • 12, with four potential glycosylation sites
  • a RGD motif
  • a transmembrane segment (1TM)
  • a short cytoplasmic tail containing a C terminal S/T(X) Z, three aminoacids sequence of interaction with proteins harboring a PDZ domain
  • an intracellular domain (exons 13 and 14)
  • conjugated GlycoP
    mono polymer homomer , heteromer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Eng
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY antigen , signaling , receptor membrane
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    text type I integral membrane protein; localizing to caveolae
    basic FUNCTION
  • proliferation associated antigen (marker of breast carcinoma), playing an important role in implantation and development of placenta
  • involved in cardiovascular development but also in vascular homeostasis
  • proliferation-associated and hypoxia-inducible protein expressed in endothelial cells
  • may playing a critical role in the binding of
  • endothelial cells to integrins and/or other RGD receptors
  • might undergo conformational adaptations upon TGF-beta binding
  • plays distinct and cell-autonomous roles invascular smooth muscle cell recruitment and arteriovenous specification via NR2F2 in angiogenesis that may contribute to ORW1
  • important role of endoglin in tumor cell plasticity and progression of aggressive tumors
  • essential for angiogenesis/vascular development and a co-receptor of TGFbeta
  • can suppress cell movement out of primary tumor as well as the formation of distant metastasis
  • endothelial-specific transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1) coreceptor essential for angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis
  • modulates the hematopoietic transcriptional network, most likely through regulation of BMP4 signaling
  • endothelial ENG interacts with leukocyte ITGA5B1 via its RGD motif, and this adhesion process is stimulated by the inflammatory chemokine CXCL12, suggesting a regulatory role for endoglin in transendothelial leukocyte trafficking
  • auxiliary receptor for transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1), with important roles in vascular function
  • importance of ENG in both canonical and non-canonical TGFB1 signaling pathways modulating both the activation and quiescence of the endothelium during angiogenesis
  • ENG and and ACVRL1 contribute to several novel networks, including TGFB1 dependent and independent ones, critical for vascular function and potentially defective in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
  • has a critical function in the development of the vascular system
  • is required for efficient VEGFA-induced angiogenesis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    TGFB signaling pathway
    a component
  • homodimeric component of the TGFBR1 complex
  • forming a homodimer composed of disulfide linked subunits
  • forms a heteromeric complex with betaglycan (complex may be of critical significance in the regulation of TGFbeta signaling in chondrocytes)
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • TGF beta binding
  • suppress invasion by activating the SMAD1 transcription factor and selectively activates specific SMAD1-responsive genes, including JUNB, STAT1, and SOX4
  • GIPC1 is a critical component of endoglin function during developmental angiogenesis
  • PPP2R2B protein interacts with the ACVRL1/TGFBR2/ENG complex and recruits PP2A to nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)
  • ENG is a critical mediator of autophagy, demonstrating a new transcriptional mechanism by which SMAD2 inhibits angiogenesis
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) ORW1 , JPS4
    related resource Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Mutation Database
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    higher in effusions compared to primary breast carcinomas and in post-chemotherapy compared to pre-chemotherapy effusion
    constitutional     --over  
    higher expression in severe preeclampsia or eclampsia than in normal pregnancy
    tumoral     --low  
    in prostate cancer
    constitutional     --low  
    independent predictor of short-term (30 days) cardiovascular mortality, and also predicts overall cardiovascular mortality during the follow-up in acute myocardial infarction
    constitutional     --over  
    in capillary hemangiomas
    Susceptibility to intracranial aneurysm
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
  • powerful tool in the prevention of pre-eclampsia -induced mortality
  • may be an important therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer
  • targets for therapeutic intervention for patients with brain arteriovenous malformations
  • ANIMAL & CELL MODELS