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FLASH GENE
Symbol DOT1L contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 21-11-2023
HGNC name DOT1-like, histone H3 methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)
HGNC id 24948
Corresponding disease
DDFHID developmental delay, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and/or intellectual disability
Location 19p13.3      Physical location : 2.164.147 - 2.232.576
Synonym name
  • histone-lysine N-methyltransferase
  • H3 lysine-79 specific
  • disruptor of Telomere Silencing 1-Like
  • histone methyltransferase DOT1L
  • H3-K79-HMTase
  • Synonym symbol(s) DOT1, KIAA1814, KMT4, DKFZp586P1823
    EC.number 2.1.1.43/2.1.1.360
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 68.65 kb     28 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    28 - 7455 - 1537 - 2023 36674903
    28 - 9700 - 1738 - 2023 36674903
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveintestinesmall intestine  moderately
    Lymphoid/Immunelymph node   predominantly
     spleen   highly
    Reproductivemale systemtestis  highly
    Respiratorylung   moderately
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousglia Homo sapiens
    Nervousneuron Homo sapiens
    Respiratoryalveolar macrophage
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion blood
    at STAGE
    physiological period fetal
    Text liver, brain
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • a lysine-rich DNA binding domain in the N-terminal region, which binds to ubiquitin , and N-terminal Dot1 catalytic domain
  • a C-terminal domain having similarities to SAM motif for protein-protein interaction (catalytic domain), interacting with a stretch of basic AAs in the histone H4 tail, and a lysine-rich region in the catalytic domain, potentially crucial for direct interaction with H2B ubiquitylation and high level methylation of H3K79
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to yeast Dot1
    ortholog to murine Dot1l
    ortholog to drosophila Grappa
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • DOT1 family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    text
  • binds to the nucleosome, recognizes the H4 basic tail and begins to methylate H3K79 (monomethylation)
  • basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in nucleosomal histone methylation
  • methylating Lys-79 of histone H3
  • recruitment important for transformation by the MLL-MLLT1 fusion derivative
  • can promote an oncogenic pattern of gene expression through binding with several MLL fusion partners found in acute leukemia
  • through H3K79 methylation play important roles in heterochromatin formation and in embryonic development
  • a unique histone methyltransferase that specifically methylates histone H3 at lysine 79
  • DOT1L-dependent H3K79 methylation serves as a critical regulator of a differentiation switch during early hematopoiesis
  • involved in the regulation of telomeric silencing, development, cell cycle checkpoint and transcription
  • might control AF9- and ENL-mediated transcription, regulate RNA processing, and function as a histone chaperone in a NPM1-dependent manner
  • responsible for methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 and is involved in the pathobiology of several leukemias, the majority of which are characterized by chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene
  • may contribute to euchromatin formation or transcription
  • DOT1L-dependent lysine 79 of histone H3 methylation serves potentially as a critical regulator of a differentiation switch during early hematopoiesis
  • critical role for DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation in cardiomyocyte function
  • MLLT10/AF10 and DOT1L are essential activators to a large extent dedicated to Wnt target gene regulation
  • H3K79 methyltransferase, required for both initiation and maintenance of MLL-AF9-induced leukemogenesis
  • DOT1L participates in the regulation of transcription, development, erythropoiesis, differentiation, and proliferation of normal cells
  • DOT1L promotes the formation of the pre-initiation complex on the promoters of UV-repressed genes and the appearance of transcriptionally active chromatin marks
  • DOT1L secures likely an open chromatin structure in order to reactivate RNA Pol II transcription initiation after a genotoxic attack
  • is involved in a number of key processes ranging from gene expression to DNA-damage response and cell cycle progression
  • essential role for DOT1L in generating an effective humoral immune response
  • combination of SIRT1 activators and DOT1L inhibitors shows enhanced antiproliferative activity against KMT2A-rearranged leukemia cells
  • promotes progenitor proliferation and primes neuronal layer identity in the developing cerebral cortex
  • role for the histone H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L in controlling B-cell differentiation
  • DOT1L is a key modulator of the core transcriptional and epigenetic landscape in B cells, establishing an epigenetic barrier that warrants B-cell naivety and GC B-cell differentiation
  • DOT1L is an epigenetic regulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whose expression is uncoupled from the senescence-associated cell cycle arrest
  • DOT1L protects against osteoarthritis, and DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation is reduced in human osteoarthritic joints
  • is the sole H3K79 methyltransferase, and required for spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal
  • essential function for DOT1L in adult stem cells and likely involved regulation of spermatogonial stem cells
  • has a specialized role in transcription of major satellite repeats to maintain pericentromeric heterochromatin and genome stability
  • important role for DOT1L as a bridge between transcriptional activation of repeat elements and heterochromatin stability
  • methylates a lysine residue (K79) in the core globular domain of histone H3
  • is a conserved H3K79 methyltransferase
  • DOT1L acts in a distributive manner such that it can only sequentially add methyl groups to each H3K79 residue
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • MLLT10
  • DMD is a major target mediating DOT1L function in cardiomyocytes
  • multiple lineage leukemia gene (KMT2A) and DOT1L associations with the IgH gene were also impaired in the absence of ELL2
  • STAT1-DOT1L interaction is required for the regulation JAK-STAT-inducible gene expression
  • functional interaction between DOT1L and RNAPII targets DOT1L and subsequent H3K79 methylations to actively transcribed genes
  • RNF20 is a key requirement for KMT2A-fusion leukemia through regulatory cross talk with DOT1L
  • direct interaction between MLLT3/MLLT1 and DOT1L and for optimal interaction an intact C-terminal domain in KMT2A fusion proteins is critical
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) DDFHID
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    in idiopathic DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy) patient samples compared with normal controls
    constitutional       loss of function
    DOT1L-deficient cells also showed abnormal mitotic spindle formation and centrosome number, suggesting that DOT1L deficiency leads to chromosomal missegregation
    constitutional     --low  
    in osteoarthritic joints
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention in MLL-AF10-mediated leukemogenesis
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerhemopathy 
    may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia caused by MLL translocations
    cancerdigestivecolon
    may present an attractive candidate for drug targeting in colorectal cancer.
    cancerhemopathy 
    disruption of interaction between DOT1L and MLLT3/MLLT1 is a promising therapeutic strategy with potentially fewer adverse effects than enzymatic inhibition of DOT1L for KMT2A fusion protein-associated leukemia
    osteoarticular  
    local treatment with a selective hypoxia mimetic in the joint restores DOT1L function and could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis
    cancerhemopathy 
    is also an important drug target for treatment of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemia where aberrant transcriptional activation is promoted by DOT1L mislocalisation
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • mouse germline Dot1L deletion causes embryonic lethality and defects in heart and yolk sac