motifs/domains
| N terminal Rho binding domain, encompassing a RhoA-binding domain (RBD) followed by a four armadillo-repeats containing Diaphanous inhibitory domain (DID) that binds the C-terminal Diaphanous autoregulatory domain |
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central polyproline stretches |
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a GTPase binding domain (GBD) |
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three formin homology domains (FH1, 2 and 3) |
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a DRF autoregulatory domain (DAD) |
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phospholipid-binding sites are clusters of positively charged residues in the N-terminal basic domain (BD) and at the C-terminal region  |
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a C terminal formin homology domain (FH), enhancing the nucleation activity of the FH2 domain, but do not display barbed end binding abilities |
| basic FUNCTION
| acting as a RHO effector |
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initiate the assembly of filamentous actin downstream of Rho GTPases to regulate cellular processes such as cytokinesis, cell polarity, cell motility and adhesion |
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playing a role in regulation of actin polymerylation in hair cells of the inner ear |
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transcriptional activation of the serum response factor |
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stress fiber formation |
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acting as a regulatory subunit for Cdc7 kinase |
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regulating microtubule attachment to kinetochores |
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DIAPH1 and DAAM1 are platelet actin assembly factors having distinct efficiencies, and they are directly regulated by Rho GTPases |
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translocate to the platelet cytoskeleton following thrombin stimulation, in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-dependent manner |
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DIAPH1, DIAPH2, DIAPH3 are implicated in mitosis and cytokinesis |
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RHOD effector producing straight actin filaments |
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mediating actin polymerization, which is essential for several aspects of dendritic cells-initiated acquired immune responses |
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DIAPH1, DIAPH2 are strong inducers of lamellipodia/membrane ruffles and neurite outgrowth |
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DIAPH1 and FMNL1 have been implicated in centrosome reorientation to the immunological synapse of T lymphocytes |
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DIAPH1 and FMNL1 are novel regulators of spirochete uptake by human immune cells |
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upon TCR triggering the INF2 formin, together with the formins DIAPH1 and FMNL1, promotes the formation of a specialized array of stable detyrosinated MT that breaks the symmetrical organization of the T-cell microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton |
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actin filament length regulators CFL1, CAPZB and DIAPH1 regulate mitotic cortex thickness and both increasing and decreasing thickness decreases tension in mitosis |
