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FLASH GENE
Symbol ADGRG1 contributors: mct - updated : 21-09-2016
HGNC name adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1
HGNC id 4512
Corresponding disease
BFPP bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria
Location 16q21      Physical location : -
Synonym name
  • secretin-like G protein coupled receptor 56
  • EGF-TM7-like
  • protein TM7XN1
  • G protein-coupled receptor 56
  • 7-transmembrane protein with no EGF-like N-terminal domains-1
  • Synonym symbol(s) TM7LN4, TM7XN1, LNB-TM7, LN-7TM, DKFZp781L1398, GPR56, BFPP, BPPR
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 45.04 kb     15 Exon(s)
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    15 splicing 3839 77.7 693 - 2009 19525879
  • also called variant 1-isoform a
  • transcript containing 15 exons
  • having exon 3b (shorter than 3a)
  • having exon 13a (longer than 13b)
  • having exon 16a (longer than 16b)
  • lacking exon 2
  • coding for the longest product
  • 15 splicing 3821 76.9 687 - 2009 19525879
  • also called variant 5-isoform b
  • transcript containing 15 exons
  • having exon 2b (shorter than 2a)
  • having exon 3a (longer than 3b)
  • having exon 13b (shorter than 13a)
  • having exon 16a (longer than 16b)
  • lacking exon 1
  • 15 splicing 4004 76 687 - 2009 19525879
  • also called variant 6-isoform b
  • transcript containing 14 exons
  • having exon 2a (longer than 2b)
  • having exon 13b (shorter than 13a)
  • having exon 16b (shorter than 16a)
  • lacking exons 1 & 3
  • 15 splicing 3996 - 693 - 2009 19525879
    also called variant 4-isoform a
    14 - 3875 - 692 - 2009 19525879
    also called variant 8-isoform c
    15 - 4058 - 687 - 2009 19525879
    also called variant 7-isoform b
    15 - 3982 - 687 - 2009 19525879
    also called variant 2-isoform b
    14 - 3860 - 687 - 2009 19525879
    also called variant 3-isoform b
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon  
    Endocrinethyroid   highly
    Lymphoid/Immunethymus   highly
    Reproductivemale systemprostate   
     male systemtestis  highly
    Respiratoryrespiratory tracttrachea  highly
    Skin/Tegumentskin   moderately
    Urinarykidney    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Epithelialsecretoryglandularendocrine 
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticprogenitor cell
    Nervousglia Homo sapiens
    Nervousneuron
    Nervousoligodendrocyte Homo sapiensFetal
    Skin/Tegumentkeratinocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo
    Text neuronal progenitor cell
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • N-terminal domain with a large number of possible N- and O-linked glycosylation sites similar to mucin-like protein, extracellular domain containing a high percentage of serine and threonine residues, and capable of homophilic trans-trans interactions that enhance receptor signaling activity
  • extremely large N-terminal extracellular region (381 amino acids) with four cysteine residues that define a GPCR proteolytic site (GPS motif) just before the first transmembrane spanning domain
  • a long ectodomain (ECD)
  • a seven-pass transmembrane (7TM) moiety
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Gpr56 (79.62 pc)
    homolog to murine Gpr56 (79.33 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • adhesion-GPCR family
  • LN-TM7 subfamily
  • secretin family
  • CATEGORY receptor membrane G
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    text
  • abundantly localizes in the cerebral cortical ventricular and subventricular zones during periods of neurogenesis
  • present in abundance in radial glial endfeet
  • basic FUNCTION
  • having a role in the development of neural progenitor cells
  • required for proper development of the cerebral cortex
  • involved in neuropeptide signaling pathway and metabolism
  • involved in regulating cortical patterning, particularly in the frontal lobes, and in the normal development of the frontoparietal cortex
  • may function to control the proliferation of pluripotent cells of different origins
  • inhibits in cooperation with TGM2 melanoma tumor growth and metastasis
  • functioning as an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor and involved in adhesion signaling
  • participating in the regulation of neural progenitor cells movement through Rho signaling pathway, suggesting its important role in the development of the central nervous system
  • functions in regulating pial basement membrane (BM) integrity during cortical development
  • regulates the migration of neural precursor cells
  • adhesion G protein-coupled receptor that plays a key role in cortical development
  • plays an indispensable role in cortical development and lamination
  • roles of TGM2 in ADGRG1-mediated melanoma inhibition
  • is expressed during early stages of oligodendrocyte development and is a regulator of oligodendrocyte development
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling neurotransmission , signal transduction
    a component
  • coupling with Gs alpha protein and activating adenylate cyclase
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • binds specifically to tissue transglutaminase, TG2, a widespread component of tissue and tumor stroma previously implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression
  • associate via its N-terminal region with the extracellular matrix protein transglutaminase 2 and also shown to form complexes with the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 via undetermined domains
  • COL3A1 is the ligand of GPR56
  • GPR56 regulates oligodendrocyte development via interactions with GNA12/GNA13 and RHOA
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other could be activated to stimulate Rho signaling, thereby inducing actin cytoskeleton remodeling and the inhibition of cellular migration
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) BFPP
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in gliomas, in glioblastoma multiforme tumors and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
    constitutional     --low  
    in neural progenitor cells
    tumoral        
    expression of GPR56 protein is suppressed in human pancreatic cancer cells
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene can be used as an neural stem cell (NSC) or neural progenitor cell (NPC) marker within the neural cell lineage, especially in combination with nestin
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerskin 
    components of the GPR56-mediated signaling pathway may serve as new targets for antiangiogenic treatment of melanoma
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • loss of the mouse Gpr56 gene leads to neuronal ectopia in the cerebral cortex, a cobblestone-like cortical malformation