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FLASH GENE
Symbol ACKR1 contributors: mct - updated : 11-04-2020
HGNC name atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)
HGNC id 4035
Corresponding disease
FY Duffy blood group
Location 1q23.2      Physical location : -
Synonym name
  • Duffy antigen
  • Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor
  • Fy glycoprotein
  • glycoprotein D
  • plasmodium vivax receptor
  • Synonym symbol(s) GPD, CCBP1, CD234, Dfy, CTA-134P22.3, DARC, DARC/ACKR1, FY, GpFy, WBCQ1
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 2.49 kb     2 Exon(s)
    regulatory sequence
    MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
    Map cen - D1S1600 - D1S176 - D1S1653 - CD1D - CD1A - CD1C - CD1B - CD1E - SPTA1 - MNDA - D1S1187 - IFI16 - FY - D1S2635 - FCER1A - KRTC7 - qter
    Authors Shilina (01)
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    2 - 2024 - 336 - 2005 16046070
  • Fy(b)
  • 1 - 1258 - 338 - 2005 16046070
    Fy(a)
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    blood / hematopoieticspleen    
    Cardiovascularvesselcapillary    Homo sapiens
    Digestivepharynx   highly
    Endocrineparathyroid   highly
    Nervousnervecranial nerve  highly
    Urinarykidney    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervouscentral   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticerythrocyte Homo sapiens
    Blood/Hematopoieticerythroid Homo sapiens
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell Homo sapiens
    Nervousneuron
    cell lineage transcribed in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period fetal
    Text liver
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • nine membrane-spanning alpha helice (TM9)
  • four extracellular domains (ECDs) essential for its interaction with chemokines, whilst the first (ECD1) is sufficient for the interaction with malaria erythrocyte-binding protein
  • conjugated GlycoP
    mono polymer polymer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY chemokine decoy receptor family
    CATEGORY antigen , signaling cytokine , receptor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • erythrocyte receptor for chemokines and plasmodium vivax
  • having a role in enhancing leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation by facilitating movement of chemokines across the endothelium
  • may play a role at local level by binding locally produced chemokines in psoriasis vulgaris
  • playing an essential role for the function of CD82 as a suppressor of metastasis
  • on endothelial cells plays a direct role in regulating angiogenesis, attenuating the angiogenic activity by causing senescence
  • substantially alters chemokine concentrations in blood, but it does not have a protective effect during human endotoxemia
  • regulates lung inflammation by controlling the distribution and presentation of chemokines that bind CXCR2
  • carries antigens that are important in blood transfusion and is the main receptor used by Plasmodium vivax to invade reticulocytes
  • implicated in multiple chemokine inflammation, inflammatory diseases, in cancer and might play a role in HIV infection and AIDS
  • role of the Duffy glycoprotein as a chemokine receptor and in malarial infection
  • regulator of almost every CC and CXC chemokine ligand and therefore DARC antagonism could effectively block the complex pre-inflammatory chemokine network
  • (PF4 or CXCL4) and the erythrocyte Duffy-antigen receptor (ACKR1) are necessary for platelet-mediated killing of Plasmodium falciparum parasites
  • plays a role in modulating the early inflammatory response to bone fracture and subsequent cartilage formation
  • role for erythrocyte ACKR1 as a chemokine reservoir and endothelial ACKR1 contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by shuttling chemokines across the blood-brain barrier
  • ACKR1 knockdown increases the migration and invasion abilities of keloid fibroblasts
  • is required for S. aureus-mediated lysis of human erythrocytes, and ACKR1 overexpression is sufficient to render cells susceptible to toxin-mediated lysis
  • fundamental role for ACKR1 in hematopoiesis
  • nucleated erythroid cells had high expression of ACKR1, which facilitated their direct contact with hematopoietic stem cells
  • ACKR1 extracellular domain remodeling in maturating reticulocytes explains Plasmodium vivax tropism
  • regulates likely metabolic function and adipose tissue inflammation, which may impact obesity-related disease in ethnic populations with high frequencies of ACKR1 allelic variants
  • might have a role to play in severe malaria
  • might be tumor suppressor for Cervical cancer
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • hetero-oligomerizes with the CC chemokine receptor CCR5( DARC-CCR5 interaction impairs chemotaxis and calcium flux through CCR5)
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacting with CD82 (leading to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of senescence by modulating the expression of TBX2 and p21)
  • genetic disruption of ACKR1 expression inhibits binding of PF4 to parasitized cells and concomitantly prevents parasite killing by both human platelets and recombinant human PF4
  • pro-migratory activity of CXCL2 depended on the atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1), which is enriched within endothelial junctions
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) FY
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    during adipogenic differentiation
    constitutional     --over  
    is associated with higher susceptibility to P. vivax infection, exhibited low frequencies and magnitudes of P. vivax blood-stage specific antibody responses
    constitutional     --over  
    in Asian ovalocytosis
    Susceptibility
  • to Vivax Malaria
  • to recurrence risk of breast cancer
  • Variant & Polymorphism other
  • polymorphism of DARC is associated with susceptibility to and the severity of Plasmodium vivax malaria (
  • rs12075 could be served as a key predictive factor of recurrence risk in breast cancer, especially for TNBC subtype
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
  • is a novel prognostic predictor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerendocrinepancreas
    potential therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • absence of erythroid Ackr1 altered mouse hematopoiesis including stem and progenitor cells, which ultimately gave rise to phenotypically distinct neutrophils that readily left the circulation, causing neutropenia
  • Ackr1 (-/-) mice exhibited impaired exploratory behavior, increased anxiety-like behavior and frequent episodes of marked hypoactivity under low-stress conditions