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FLASH GENE
Symbol ATE1 contributors: mct - updated : 07-05-2020
HGNC name arginyltransferase 1
HGNC id 782
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
mono polymer monomer
HOMOLOGY
interspecies homolog to murine Ate1
Homologene
FAMILY R-transferase family
CATEGORY enzyme
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
intracellular,cytoplasm
intracellular,nucleus
text
  • ATE1 prominently localized to the growth cones, in addition to the cell bodies
  • basic FUNCTION
  • involved in posttranslational conjugation of arginine to N-terminal aspartate or glutamate residues
  • acyltransferase activity
  • is essential for cardiovascular development and angiogenesis in mammals and directly affects myocardium structure in the developing heart
  • is an emerging major regulator of embryogenesis and cell physiology, and impairments of ATE1 are implicated in congenital heart defects, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration
  • arginylation by ATE1 is involved in phosphorylation-dependent protein regulation, and that arginylation affects myosin function in platelets during clot retraction
  • arginylation is an emerging posttranslational modification mediated by Arg-tRNA-protein-transferase (ATE1)
  • enzyme responsible for post-translational arginylation, modulates the functions of a wide variety of proteins and polypeptides, and is also involved in the main degradation pathways of intracellular proteins
  • mediates protein arginylation, a poorly understood protein posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells
  • required to suppress mutation frequency in yeast and mammalian cells during DNA-damaging conditions such as ultraviolet irradiation
  • is targeted to the neuronal growth cones and regulates neurite outgrowth during brain development
  • role of ATE1 in suppressing prostate cancer metastasis, which has a profound significance for establishing metastatic indicators for prostate cancer
  • conserved enzyme in eukaryotes mediating posttranslational arginylation, the addition of an extra arginine to an existing protein
  • ATE1 specifically regulates a handful of cellular processes, which will provide critical mechanistic leads for studying the involvements of ATE1 in normal physiologies as well as in diseased conditions
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
  • is a component of the N-end rule pathway, which recognizes proteins containing N-terminal degradation signals called N-degrons, polyubiquitylates these proteins, and thereby causes their degradation by the proteasome
  • a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • critical link between protein arginylation and MRTFA activity and ATE1 is upstream of MRTFA
  • ATE1-encoded Arg-transfer RNA transferase (R-transferase) of the N-end rule pathway mediates N-terminal arginylation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperones (HSPA5) leading to their cytosolic relocalization and turnover
  • crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells
  • turnover of HSPA5 was in part driven by its N-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) by the arginyltransferase ATE1, which generated an autophagic N-degron of the N-end rule pathway
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Ate1-deficient mice die during embryogenesis with defects in cardiac and vascular development
  • cell-autonomous cardiac myocyte defects in arginylation knockout mice that lead to severe congenital abnormalities similar to those observed in human disease