motifs/domains
| N-terminal domains which were unable to multimerize but remained functional for Gag and viral infectivity factor (Vif) interactions when expressed apart from the C terminus , domain that interacts with the Vif YRHHY region is located between AAs 126 and 132 |
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a zinc-binding domain and the glutamate involved in proton shuttling found in the active site of all cytidine deaminases |
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two critical aromatic residues involved in RNA binding |
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two cytidine deaminase domains (CDD) (both active sites are required for antiviral function but serve separate functions) |
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a 37-AAs linker peptide connecting the active site and pseudoactive site domains of E. coli cytidine deaminase |
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AAs 198-384 are sufficient for DNA deamination but are similarly insoluble |
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a ZDD domain of the C terminus, involved in the homoligomerization (forms RNA-independent oligomers through interactions within its C terminus) |
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dual conserved catalytic domains located in the N- and C-terminal regions termed CD1 and CD2, respectively |
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N-terminal and C-terminal ZDD required for nucleic acid-dependent higher-order oligomerization as well as many other interactions necessary for antiviral activity |
basic FUNCTION
| cytidine deaminase that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the context of single-stranded (ss) DNA, activity that is critical to its function as a host defense factor against HIV infection |
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endogenous inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, acting as a cytidine deaminase and able to induce G-to-A hypermutation in newly synthesized viral DNA |
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functioning as a natural defense against endogenous retrotransposons and a multitude of retroviruses, most notably human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) |
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antiretroviral deoxycytidine deaminase, broad antiviral enzyme |
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inhibiting retrotransposition of IAP and MusD elements |
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cellular restriction factor that is responsible for inhibition of virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deleted human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication in non-permissive cells |
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mediates intrinsic resistance of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to HIV-1 infection |
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restrict retroviral infection by deaminating cytosine residues in the first cDNA strand of a replicating virus |
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deaminates cytidines to uridines in single-strand DNA and inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1, other retroviruses, and retrotransposons |
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capable of associating with different species of viral structural proteins through a potentially common, RNA-mediated mechanism |
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having intracellular expression and regulation in the neuronal cells, which may be one of innate defense mechanisms involved in the neuronal protection in the CNS |
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APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G inhibit HIV-1 DNA integration by different mechanisms |
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have strong antiviral activity and together with APOBEC3F, it is considered the most potent cytidine deaminase targeting HIV |
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cytidine deaminase whose expression has been implicated in host defense and conditionally in viral resistance |
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catalyzes deamination of deoxycytidine (dC) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) |
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APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G are the most potent inhibitors of HIV-1, but only in the absence of the virus-encoded protein, Vif |
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antiretroviral activity of cellular proteins APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G requires their inclusion within HIV-1 virions |
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APOBEC3F (A3F) and APOBEC3G (A3G) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication |
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unlike APOBEC3G, signals in N- and C-terminal deaminase domains of APOBEC3F each contribute to virion encapsidation |
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potent restrictive factor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and many other retroviruses |
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MOV10 and APOBEC3G localization to processing bodies is not required for virion incorporation and antiviral activity |
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APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G are host factors that incorporate into virions and restrict virus replication |
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cellular cytidine deaminase that restricts HIV-1 replication by inducing G-to-A hypermutation in viral DNA and by deamination-independent mechanisms |
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APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G are two of the most potent A3 enzymes in humans with each having a different target DNA specificity: A3G prefers to deaminate cytosines preceded by a cytosine (5'-CC), whereas A3F preferentially targets cytosines preceded by a thymine (5'-TC) |
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cellular cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) was first described as an anti-HIV-1 restriction factor, acting by directly deaminating reverse transcripts of the viral genome |
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APOBEC3 proteins function within the innate immune system by mutating DNA of viral genomes and retroelements to restrict infection and retrotransposition |