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FLASH GENE
Symbol APOBEC3A contributors: mct/shn - updated : 15-12-2017
HGNC name apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalyic polypeptide-like 3A
HGNC id 17343
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • three zinc ligands
  • a single deaminase domain (active sites required for antiviral function)
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to APOBEC3A, Pan troglodytes
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase gene family
  • family of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) DNA cytosine deaminases
  • CATEGORY enzyme , RNA associated
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus
    text localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • RNA editing enzyme having roles in growth or cell cycle control
  • potent inhibitor of LTR-retrotransposon function (
  • may influence the development of tumors (Vartanian 2008)
  • inhibits the replication of the parvovirus adeno-associated virus (Narvaiza 2009)
  • deaminates foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines (Stenglein 2010)
  • can lead to induction of DNA breaks and activation of damage responses in a deaminase-dependent manner (
  • in contrast to the processive APOBEC3G, did not appear to deaminate ssDNA with high processivity and was less effective in causing HIV gene inactivation
  • APOBEC3A deaminations induce mostly conservative amino acid changes, suggesting that most somatic hypermutation events would not lead to gene inactivation
  • is a myeloid lineage-specific DNA cytosine deaminase with a role in innate immunity to foreign DNA
  • APOBEC3A induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and triggered several members of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway
  • is a single-domain cytidine deaminase that converts deoxycytidine residues to deoxyuridine in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
  • lacks strong antiviral activity against lentiviruses but is a potent inhibitor of adeno-associated virus and endogenous retroelements
  • APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase induces RNA editing in monocytes and macrophages
  • APOBEC3A- and APOBEC3B-induced mutagenesis primarily results from the deamination of the lagging strand template during DNA replication
  • APOBEC3 proteins function within the innate immune system by mutating DNA of viral genomes and retroelements to restrict infection and retrotransposition
  • APOBEC3A (A3A) expression leads to DNA damage in replicating cells but this is reduced in quiescent cells
  • its expression caused ATR-dependent phosphorylation of CHEK1 and cell-cycle arrest, consistent with replication checkpoint activation
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell cycle
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense
    text innate immunity defense mechanism (Stenglein 2010)
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
  • specific binding of single-stranded DNA is regulated by the cooperative dimerization of APOBEC3A
  • RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • TRIB3 is an interactor for APOBEC3A and APOBEC3C
  • efficiently deaminates methylated, but not TET1-oxidized, cytosine bases in DNA
  • cell & other
  • monocytic cells use a cytoplasmic retention mechanism to control APOBEC3A and avert genotoxicity during innate immune responses
  • REGULATION
    induced by interferons following DNA detection (Stenglein 2010)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in pediatric and adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS