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FLASH GENE
Symbol NGB contributors: mct/npt - updated : 02-12-2015
HGNC name neuroglobin
HGNC id 14077
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a globin domain
  • a hexacoordinated heme
  • two surface cysteines (Cys-46 and Cys-55) that form a disulfide bridge upon oxidation
  • mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • hemoglobin family
  • CATEGORY storage , transport
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • found in cytoplasm, along neurotubuli, in mitochondria and in the nucleus
  • basic FUNCTION
  • increasing the availability of oxygen in brain tissues
  • involved in neuroprotection under oxidative stress conditions such as ischemia and reperfusion (GDI activity is tightly correlated with its neuroprotective activity)
  • playing a role in neuronal oxygen homeostasis and hypoxia protection
  • NGB and CYGB may serve a neuroprotective role as scavengers of reactive oxygen species
  • hexacoordinate globin expressed in the nervous system of vertebrates, where it protects neurons against hypoxia
  • may confer protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain through its intrinsic antioxidant properties
  • role in nitric oxide signalling for CYGB and involvement in sleep-wake cycling for CYGB and NGB
  • may function as a physiological oxidative stress sensor and a post-translationally redox-regulated nitrite reductase that generates NO under six-to-five-coordinate heme pocket control
  • under hypoxic conditions neuroglobin can inhibit mitochondrial respiration in the presence of nitrite
  • potential role of DNA methylation in regulating NGB tissue-specific expression
  • exerts significant neuroprotective effects after mechanical injury, and thus has important implications for the prognosis and cure of traumatic brain injury
  • may regulate neuronal survival under hypoxia or oxidative stress
  • may modulate retinal ganglion cells susceptibility to glaucomatous neural damage
  • characterized heme globin that is widely expressed in the vertebrate central and peripheral nervous system as well as retina and endocrine tissues
  • globin protein that is highly and specifically expressed in brain neurons
  • neuroprotective molecule against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury and other related neurological disorder
  • pivotal role of neuroglobin in retinal glia involved in neuronal support and/or healing
  • plays an important role in neuronal death upon ischemia and oxidative stress
  • critical role in neuritogenesis or development via interacting with PTEN and AKT1 differentially to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT1 pathway
  • promotes neuron survival under hypoxic/ischemic conditions
  • NGB signal differentiates the central projections of the inner and outer hair cells
  • NGB can bind to mitochondrial complex III subunit CYC1, leading to suppression of oxygen-glucose deprivation-mediated complex III activity and subsequent ROS production elevation
  • anti-apoptotic property of NGB may play a neuroprotective role against Alzheimer disease
  • displayed a neuron restricted expression pattern in mammalian brains
  • may participate in defense mechanisms in inner ear pathologies where oxidative stress is involved.
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text oxygen transport
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding,
  • heme containing 02+
  • protein
  • binds to the alpha-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (Galpha(i/o)) and acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for Galpha(i/o)
  • interaction with PRNP
  • functions as a metabolic regulator and enhances cellular anabolism through the inhibition of AMPK signaling
  • CYC1 is an NGB-interacting molecule
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --other  
    in astrocytoma
    tumoral     --over  
    hypoxic up-regulation of CYGB/NGB in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines and tumor tissues
    constitutional     --over  
    in early and moderately advanced Alzheimer disease compared to controls, but declined to control levels in severe disease
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    neurosensorialvisualanterior chamber
    manipulating the expression and bioactivity of NGB may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for glaucoma
    neurosensorialvisual 
    should be considered when developing therapeutic strategies for treatment of hypoxia-related ocular diseases
    neurologyneurodegenerativealzheimer
    may attenuate tau hyperphosphorylation through activating Akt signaling pathway, implying a therapeutic target for AD
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS