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FLASH GENE
Symbol RACK1 contributors: mct/shn - updated : 17-05-2019
HGNC name receptor for activated C kinase 1
HGNC id 4399
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Lymphoid/Immunelymph node    
 tonsils   highly
Nervousbrain   highly
Reproductivefemale systembreastmammary gland  
Skin/Tegumentskin   highly
Urinarykidney   highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectivebone  highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
Text brain
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a N terminal alpha-helical segment
  • seven WD (Trp-Asp) repeats, forming a propeller structure (WD5 directly binds NHERF1 through its PDZ1 domain)
  • a pleckstrin homology (PH) domains
  • two short sequences homolog to a PKC binding sequence of annexin 1
  • a VANGL2-interacting domain having a dominant-negative effect on membrane targeting of VANGL2, parallel to its dominant-negative effect on gastrulation
  • mono polymer heteromer , trimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Gnb2l1, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Gnb2l1, Rattus norvegicus
    ortholog to gnb2l1, Danio rerio
    intraspecies homolog to beta subunit implicated in membrane anchorage of the beta adrenergic receptor
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • WD repeat G protein beta family
  • CATEGORY signaling , receptor membrane G
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,ribosome
    intracellular,nucleus
    text although not required for all GNB2L1 activities, localization at ribosomes is integral to some aspects of GNB2L1 function
    basic FUNCTION
  • plays a central role in early signaling through the Jak-STAT pathway
  • is a IGF-IR signaling molecule that functions as a positive mediator of cell spreading and contact with extracellular matrix
  • serves as a scaffold protein for a multiprotein complex that includes the IFN-alpha receptor 2/beta-chain of the receptor, STAT1, Janus kinase 1, tyrosine kinase 2, IL-2, IL-4, and erythropoietin
  • involved in membrane anchorage of protein kinase C
  • important SRC substrate that signals downstream of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and is involved in the regulation of SRC function and cell growth
  • functioning as an adaptor recruiting the transcription factor STAT1 to the receptor complex
  • may also serve as a scaffold protein in other cytokine systems such as IL-2, IL-4, and erythropoietin
  • playing an an important role during CNS development and having multiple functions in the adult brain
  • involved in mediating the PKC-dependent translocation of ADAM12 to membranes of activated hepatic stellate cells
  • role in protecting cancer cells from apoptosis by regulating the degradation of GNB2L1, which together with CISH could play an important role of drug resistance in chemotherapy
  • activates SLC9A5 both by integrin-dependent and independent pathways, which may coordinate cellular ion homeostasis during cell-matrix adhesion
  • functions from the ribosome, implying a physical link between the eukaryotic ribosome and cell signaling pathways
  • having a dual role as both a signaling scaffold and a ribosomal protein
  • induces apoptosis of the cells, partly by inhibiting SRC
  • induces apoptosis by blocking SRC activation of the AKT cell survival pathway
  • partly by inhibiting SRC, promotes mitochondrial cell death and blocks AKT-mediated cell survival
  • component of the mammalian circadian clock
  • alters the conformation of particulate-associated PDE4D5 and mediates PKC-dependent activation of PDE4D5 in the particulate fraction of HEK-293 cells in response to elevations in intracellular cAMP
  • may play a role in PKC/PPP1R14A signaling pathway
  • has a dominant-negative effect on VANGL2 localization and gastrulation
  • regulates the localization of an essential planar cell polarity (PCP) protein and acts as a molecular switch to promote PCP signaling
  • plays a crucial regulatory role in promoting PI3K/AKT1-RAC1 activation
  • implicated in a novel signaling cascade that translocates DSH (Dishevelled) to the plasma membrane and regulates vertebrate neural tube closure
  • a novel function in maintaining the junctional homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells by regulation of the SRC- and growth factor-induced endocytosis of CDH1
  • important positive regulator of SHH/GLI-dependent signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  • is a ribosomal scaffold protein for specific mRNA-RBP complexes to tightly regulate the translation of specific mRNAs
  • scaffolds AGAP2 to PTK2 to regulate PTK2 activity and cell adhesion during the differentiation process
  • GNB2L1 is a molecular scaffold that integrates growth factor and integrin signaling
  • scaffold protein RACK1 is a new ATG5-interacting protein and an important and novel component of the autophagy pathways
  • important role of the scaffolding protein, RACK1, in influencing MOAP1 biology
  • function of BARD1 in centrosome regulation in cooperation with BRCA1/OLA1/RACK1
  • LONRF1, CDK1, RPL18, GNB2L1 (RACK1), RPL30, and SEC61A1 are crucial components in the diagnosis and treatment of Prostate carcinoma
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • core component of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit
  • PARK7/GNB2L21 complex protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • Phospholipase C-gamma 1, PLC-gamma 1
  • integrin beta subunit
  • cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5
  • PLCgamma, beta-chain of the IL-5/IL-3/GM-CSF receptor and Src kinases
  • A73
  • ADAM12 interacting protein, thereby modulating the PKC-dependent translocation of ADAM12 to the membrane
  • GRB2-related adapter protein 2, GRID
  • Epstein-Barr virus activator protein BZLF1
  • I IFN receptor chain 2, IFNAR2c
  • protein tyrosine phosphatase mu, PTPmu
  • HIV-1 Nef
  • PH domain of p120GAP
  • Angiotensin II Receptor-Associated Protein, AGTRAP
  • IGF-IR, protein kinase C, and beta1 integrin in response to IGF-I and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation
  • NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor and the nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase, Fyn
  • betagamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins
  • Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation, FAN
  • PKCalpha and beta1 integrin
  • uclear factor of activated T cells, NFAT
  • p73alpha
  • suppression of tumorigenicity 7, ST7
  • beta-tubulin
  • androgen receptor, AR
  • eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, EIF6
  • Ki-1/57
  • dopamine transporter, DAT
  • signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3
  • directly binds to SLC9A5 and positively regulates the transporter function (regulates SLC9A5 both directly and through an integrin-dependent pathway)
  • Spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase-1
  • dynein light chain 1
  • OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1, OTUB1
  • associating with the cytoplasmic tail of CLEC1B and promoting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation
  • brain and muscle ARNT-like 1, BMAL1
  • interaction of LARP4B with the cytosolic poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPC1) and the receptor for activated C Kinase (RACK1), a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit
  • binds to FLT1, and regulates FLT1-mediated cell migration via activation of a PI3K/Akt pathway
  • interacting protein of a vertebrate Vang protein, VANGL2
  • essential component for VANGL2 membrane targeting and an additional molecular component required for PCP signaling while modulating canonical Wnt signaling
  • binds to FLT1
  • a novel interaction partner of PTK7, a regulator of planar cell polarity that is necessary for neural tube closure
  • required to promote the transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
  • YWHAZ is a direct binding partner of GNB2L1 7)
  • WDR26 also controlled GNB2L1, a negative regulator, in binding GNG2/GNB1 and inhibiting leukocyte migration
  • nuclear GNB2L1 is required to promote the transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 7)
  • PKD2L1 N terminus interacts with the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), a scaffolding/anchoring protein implicated in various cellular functions
  • RACK1 inhibits the function of PKD2L1 channel on the plasma membrane in addition to reducing its total and plasma membrane expression
  • interacts with the receptor for activated-C kinase 1 (GNB2L1), a scaffold protein that folds into a seven-blade propeller
  • suppresses FEM1B pro-apoptotic activity in cancer cells and promote activation of GLI1 activity in cancer cells
  • binds the Ras-interacting domain of the RALGDS family of proteins, which are essential effectors of activated RAS
  • binds the Beta-actin mRNA/ZBP1 complex on ribosomes and contributes to the release of beta-actin mRNA from ZBP1 and to its translation
  • novel role of GNB2L1, physically interacting with PCBP1 and participating in the regulation of OPRM1 gene expression in neuronal NMB cells
  • MCM7 interacts with the receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1), a protein kinase C (PKC) adaptor
  • AGAP2 is a novel GNB2L1-interacting protein
  • novel role of RACK1 in regulating SCN1A expression that participates in retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells
  • TRIM45 is a novel RACK1-interacting protein and downregulates MAPK signal transduction
  • PARK7 interacts with GNB2L1 and increases its dimerization and protein stability
  • PTPRA is a GNB2L1 binding protein, suggesting that GNB2L1 may coordinate PTPRA-Tyr-789 phosphorylation in the signaling networks to promote cell migration
  • RACK1 is a novel ATG5 interactor and an autophagy protein
  • interacts with numerous proteins involved in signal transduction, the cytoskeleton, and mRNA splicing and translation
  • SERBP1 interacting selectively with RACK1, mediated by an extensive interaction surface on both proteins
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral       gain of function
    in the endothelium of tumor neovascularization
    tumoral     --over  
    in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
    tumoral     --over  
    in Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples, and its expression correlated with tumor stage, metastasis, and degree of differentiation
    tumoral fusion      
    TRIM52-RACK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • serves as a potential biomarker of Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  • reliable molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerlung 
    serves as a therapeutic target of NSCLC
    cancerdigestivecolon
    inhibits growth and induces death of colon cells, suggesting novel colon cancer therapies that mimic GNB2L1 function
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • RACK1 overexpression resulted in reduced IGF-I-induced cell growth in both anchorage-dependent, anchorage-independent conditions enhanced cell spreading, increased stress fibers, increased focal adhesions accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin