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FLASH GENE
Symbol DGAT1 contributors: mct - updated : 11-10-2018
HGNC name diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase homolog 1 (mouse)
HGNC id 2843
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestine    Homo sapiens
Reproductivemale systemprostate   
Visualeyeretina    Homo sapiens
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Epithelialbarrier liningretinal pigment epithelium (RPE)   Homo sapiens
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
VisualMuller cell Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
mono polymer homomer , tetramer
HOMOLOGY
interspecies homolog to murine Dgat1
Homologene
FAMILY
  • sterol-o-acyltransferase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,matrix
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,microsome
    text
  • reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • transmembrane proteins localized in the endoplasmic reticulum
  • basic FUNCTION
  • catalyzing the terminal step in triacylglycerol synthesis involved in fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation and lactation
  • may play an active role in metabolic "remodeling" of skeletal muscle coupled with insulin sensitization
  • its induction could be beneficial in the setting of excess heart accumulation of toxic lipids
  • important protein that participates in the effect of HNF4A on hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
  • DGAT1 and DGAT2 account for nearly all triacylglycerol synthesis in adipocytes and appear to be required for lipid droplet formation during adipogenesis
  • plays a significant role in dietary triacylglycerol (TAG) absorption in the small intestine
  • belongs to the family of oligomeric membrane proteins that adopt a dual membrane topology
  • catalyze the final step in triglyceride synthesis
  • DGAT1 and DGAT2 can compensate for each other to synthesize triacylglycerol, but triacylglycerol synthesized by DGAT1 is preferentially channeled to oxidation, whereas DGAT2 synthesizes triacylglycerol destined for very low-density lipoprotein assembly
  • DGAT1 catalyzes the synthesis of retinyl esters in retina from multiple retinol isomers with similar catalytic efficiencies
  • key enzyme in triglyceride (TG) biogenesis, is highly associated with metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes
  • DGAT1 and DGAT2 function coordinately to regulate the process of dietary fat absorption by preferentially synthesizing triacylglycerol(TAG) for incorporation into distinct subcellular TAG pools in enterocytes
  • important role for DGAT activity and TG synthesis generally in averting ER stress and lipotoxicity, with specifically DGAT1 performing this function during stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes
  • DGAT1 is involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerol where as ABHD5 is a hydrolase and participates in the fatty acid oxidation process, yet inhibition of both enzymes similarly promotes prostate cancer cell death
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism lipid/lipoprotein
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other DGAT1 inhibition perturbs postprandial gut hormone release
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) DIAR7
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    failing human hearts have severely reduced DGAT1 expression associated with accumulation of DAGs and ceramides
    Susceptibility coronary heart disease
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene C79T polymorphism with decreased risk of coronary heart disease
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    diabetemetabolic syndrom 
    pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 holds promise in treating diverse metabolic disorders
    metabolismlipidcholesterol
    targeting intestinal DGAT1 may represent a novel approach for treating hypercholesterolemia
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • overexpressed in murine,white adipose tissue increases body fat (obesity) but not glucose disposal
  • Dgat1(-/-) mice exhibit a number of beneficial metabolic effects including reduced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity and no known cardiac dysfunction