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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CA12

contributors: mct - updated : 02-12-2010

HGNC name	carbonic anhydrase XII
HGNC id	1371

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive mouth           salivary gland         Endocrine pancreas         Urinary kidney

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Epithelial secretory glandular endocrine   Epithelial secretory glandular exocrine

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo

Text	expression is restricted to cells involved in secretion and water absorption such as parietal cells of the stomach, acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas, epithelium of the large intestine, and renal tubules

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a N terminal signal sequence a CA extracellular domain including three Zn-binding histidine residues
	a C terminal transmembrane segment

conjugated

MetalloP

isoforms

Precursor

with a truncated form (tumor associated)

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY	eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase family
	alpha carbonic anhydrase (CA) family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
text	type 1 membrane protein

basic FUNCTION	reversibly hydrating CO2 in cellular ion transport and pH homeostasis
	zinc metalloenzyme responsible for acidification of the microenvironment of cancer cells
	CA12 with CA9 are major tumor prosurvival pH-regulating enzymes, and their combined targeting shows that they hold potential as anticancer targets
	extracellular enzyme involved in the regulation of the microenvironment acidity and tumor malignant phenotype
	may affect the capability of invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, which may be mediated through the MAPK14 pathway
	play a central role in osteoclast function and bone remodeling by catalyzing the formation of bicarbonate and proton from carbon dioxide
	zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to form a bicarbonate anion and a proton

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	metal binding,
	zinc Zn2+

protein

cell & other

REGULATION

Other

robustly regulated by estrogen via ER alpha in breast cancer cells, and this regulation involves a distal estrogen-responsive enhancer region

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

HPCLD

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral       gain of function in osteoclast-like cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques tumoral     --other   commonly expressed in diffuse astrocytomas and that it might be used as a biomarker of poor prognosis

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS