Selected-GenAtlas references SOURCE GeneCards NCBI Gene Swiss-Prot Ensembl
HGNC UniGene Nucleotide OMIM UCSC
Home Page
FLASH GENE
Symbol HAS1 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 28-04-2015
HGNC name hyaluronan synthase 1
HGNC id 4818
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
constitutive of
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
blood / hematopoieticspleen    
Digestiveintestinelarge intestine   
Reproductivefemale systemplacenta   
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectiveadipose   
Connectivebone   
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • multiple transmembrane domains
  • several consensus HA (hyaluronan) binding motifs
  • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Has1
    homolog to C.elegans t27e9.5
    intraspecies paralog to HAS2,HAS3
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • hyaluronan synthase family
  • modc/has family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
    basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in hyaluroman, hyaluronic acid synthesis
  • involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
  • regulates bladder cancer growth and progression by modulating HA synthesis and HA receptor levels
  • HAS1, HAS2, HAS3 act on the inner face of plasma membrane and simultaneously translocate the growing polysaccharide through plasma membrane into extracellular space
  • may mediate cellular invasion via changes in MMP7 expression (Dunn 2009)
  • almost unable to secrete hyaluronan or form a hyaluronan coat, in contrast to HAS2 and HAS3
  • HAS1 activity requires a relatively high concentration for UDP-GlcNAc
  • is capable of creating a hyaluronan coat but only in the presence of generous amounts of the UDP-sugars
  • important role for HAS1 in conditions associated with abnormal glucose metabolism
  • HAS1-dependent coat is potentially induced by inflammatory agents and glycemic stress, mediated by altered presentation of either CD44 or hyaluronan, and can offer a rapid cellular response to injury and inflammation
  • HAS1 is the main enzyme responsible for Hyaluronan (HA) production by normal keratinocytes and thus, must be considered as an actor of normal keratinocyte differentiation
  • despite the apparently minor enzymatic activity of HAS1 under normal conditions, it may be an important factor under conditions associated with glycemic stress like metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and cancer
  • general tendency of HAS1, HAS2, HAS3 to form both homomeric and heteromeric complexes with potentially important functional consequences on hyaluronan synthesis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell communication
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism carbohydrate
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by pro-inflammatory factors, and expression and activity of HAS1 are induced by pro-inflammatory factors like interleukins and cytokines, suggesting its involvement in inflammatory conditions
    repressed by estradiol that inhibits HAS1 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    increase in serum hyaluronan in endometrial cancer may be associated with disease progression through myometrial invasion and lymph-vascular space involvement
    tumoral     --other  
    aberrant HAS1 splicing in multiple myeloma, bladder cancer and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (Ghosh (2009)
    tumoral     --over  
    in colon, ovarian, endometrial, mesothelioma and bladder cancers (Ghosh 2009)
    constitutional       gain of function
    during muscle hypertrophy
    constitutional       gain of function
    in states associated with inflammation, like atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, and infectious lung disease
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS