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FLASH GENE
Symbol APOH contributors: mct - updated : 18-10-2019
HGNC name apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I)
HGNC id 616
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Digestiveliver   predominantly
 pancreas exocrine   highly
Lymphoid/Immunespleen   moderately
Urinarykidney   moderately
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • four Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains
  • conjugated GlycoP , LipoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Apoh
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY immunity/defense , transport
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
    basic FUNCTION
  • precursor activator of lipoprotein lipase
  • cofactor for the binding of antianionic phospholipid autoantibodies
  • may prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phospholipids on the surface of damaged cells
  • acting as a lipid transporter
  • may be one of the members of the regulator of circadian rhythm and APOH expression level was also dependent on circadian rhythm in Jurkat cells and in human plasma
  • plasma glycoprotein which interacts with various proteins of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system
  • has anti-angiogenic functions which depend on the presence of domain I
  • role in the pathology of the antiphospholipid syndrome
  • plays an essential role in the down-regulation of VEGFA-induced endothelial responses
  • is a cationic protein that binds to negatively charged surfaces such as those of apoptotic cells
  • is the major autoantigens recognized by anti-phospholipid autoantibodies (aPL)
  • multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes
  • main target for antiphospholipid autoantibodies, and demonstrated as a complement regulator
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule other,
  • various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate
  • protein
  • RO60 functions as a novel receptor for APOH on the surface of apoptotic cells
  • binding of APOH to phosphatidylserine-expressing procoagulant platelet microvesicles may promote their clearance by phagocytosis and autoantibodies to APOH may inhibit this process to induce a procoagulant state
  • PLSCR1 is a protein that regulates bilayer asymmetry, leading to APOH and IgM binding and subsequent lipid-mediated, inflammatory responses
  • PLSCR1 is required for APOH binding in hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced endothelial inflammation
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by HNF-1alpha (may play an important role in cell-specific regulation of beta2-GPI gene expression)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) APOH
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional germinal mutation      
    led to APOH deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation
    Susceptibility to venous thrombosis
    Variant & Polymorphism other
  • APOH polymorphisms as common genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
  • APOH plasma concentrations are strongly associated to metabolic syndrome (MS) alterations and vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients and could be considered as a clinical marker of cardiovascular risk
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerangiogenesis 
    may be a useful component for anti-angiogenic therapy
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS