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FLASH GENE
Symbol RAD9A contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 30-06-2017
HGNC name RAD9 homolog A (S. pombe)
HGNC id 9827
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
Reproductivefemale systemovary  highly
 female systembreastmammary gland highly
 male systemtestis  highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Muscularstriatumskeletal highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a BRCT adaptor domain (BRCA1 C-terminus)
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to yeast S.pombe Rhp9
    homolog to yeast S.cerevisiae DDC1
    intraspecies paralog to RAD9B
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • rad9 family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , regulatory , DNA associated
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    basic FUNCTION
  • putative modulator of exonuclease activity, required for cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint in response to incompletly replicated or damaged DNA
  • plays roles in DNA repair (homologous recombination repair, and base-pair excision repair) and cell cycle checkpoint controls
  • may be regulating cellular processes as well by modulating transcription of multiple down-stream target genes
  • playing a role in telomere stability and homologous recombinational repair as a mechanism for promoting cell survival after ionizing radiation exposure
  • apoptosis cell cycle checkpoint control
  • cell cycle G2 checkpoint control gene
  • RAD9A, RAD9B plays a role in locating Claspin to sites of DNA damage, facilitating its role during the CHEK1-mediated checkpoint response
  • importance of RAD9A in preserving genomic integrity in the presence of catenated chromosomes and all types of DNA aberrations
  • can act as a sequence-specific transcription factor, modulating expression of a number of genes
  • contributes to prostate tumorigenesis by increasing not only tumor proliferation and survival but also tumor migration and invasion, anoikis resistance, and anchorage-independent growth
  • functions in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination and facilitates the process by cell cycle checkpoint control in response to DNA damage
  • RAD9A is essential for male fertility and for repair of DNA DSBs during meiotic prophase
  • RAD9A could affect both the ATRIP protein levels and DNA damage-induced ATRIP foci formation
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell cycle, checkpoint
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • complexing with RAD1, RAD9B and HUS1
  • associates with CLSPN
  • interaction with TP53 (enhancing CDKN1A)
  • interacts physically with the mismatch repair MMR protein MLH1 (RAD9A is an important factor in MMR and carries out its MMR function specifically through interaction with MLH1)
  • interacts with TOPBP1 and is required for proper localization of topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TOPBP1) in response to DNA damage
  • loaded by RAD17 onto damaged chromatin
  • BTBD12 has a crucial role in preventing excessive RAD9A-dependent activation of CHEK2 (23160493)
  • DNA2 shows partial redundancy for the replication checkpoint with checkpoint initiators RAD9A-RAD1-HUS1
  • TLK1 and CHEK1 act in concert to modulate the phosphorylation status of RAD9A, which in turn serves to regulate the DNA damage response
  • ATRIP interacts specifically with RAD9A, but not HUS1 and RAD1
  • TLK1 mediated phosphorylation of RAD9A regulates its nuclear/cytoplasmic localization and cell cycle checkpoint
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral somatic mutation      
    leads to drastic reduction of the RAD9A–MLH1 interaction and MMR activity and to tumors
    tumoral   amplification    
    in prostate cancer cells due at least in part to aberrant methylation or gene amplification
    tumoral     --over  
    in prostate cancer cell lines
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene Rad9 protein level can thus provide a biomarker for advanced prostate cancer and is causally related to the disease
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS