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FLASH GENE
Symbol GAL contributors: mct - updated : 09-03-2009
HGNC name galanin prepropeptide
HGNC id 4114
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestine     Homo sapiens
 stomach    
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervouscentral    Homo sapiens
Nervousperipherous    Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
Homologene
FAMILY
  • galanin family
  • CATEGORY motor/contractile
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus
    text coexpressed with GALNR1
    basic FUNCTION
  • eliciting numerous functions, including inhibition of neurotransmitter release, regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and possibly food intake
  • playing a critical role for the development and function of specific subsets of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system
  • regulates neuroendocrine hypothalamic axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) one
  • plays a role in the modulation of HPA-axis response to stress, as well as in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and perhaps of pheochromocytomas
  • may be playing a modulatory rather than regulatory role in the central and peripheral branches of the neuroendocrine systems
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • acting via three subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors, named GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3 (with its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, anterior pituitary and adrenal medulla)
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    with GALR2 at very high levels in pheochromocytoma tissues
    Susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)
    Variant & Polymorphism SNP SNP rs2187331 is associated with HTG in familial combined hyperlipidemia
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target galanin/GALR2 agonists may have future therapeutic implications for multiple sclerosis
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS