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FLASH GENE
Symbol GH1 contributors: mct - updated : 25-04-2012
HGNC name growth hormone 1
HGNC id 4261
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
constitutive of
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
Endocrineneuroendocrinepituitary  highly
Hearing/Equilibriumear   highly
Nervousbrain    
Reproductivefemale systemplacenta  highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Epithelialsecretoryglandularendocrine 
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Lymphoid/Immunelymphocyte
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion released from the anterior pituitary in a pulsatile and circadian manner
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
Homologene
FAMILY somatotropin/prolactin family
CATEGORY signaling hormone
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
basic FUNCTION
  • growth hormone 1 (N variants), anabolic and lipolytic
  • stimulating both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues
  • exerts metabolic effects both directly and through stimulation of IGF1, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA)
  • increases expression of ZEB2 in the glomerular podocyte and also decreases CDH1 expression in these cells
  • GH1/IGF1 is likely to play an important role in the regulation of tendon and muscle collagen
  • induces the activity of RELA (an important member of the NFKB family of transcription factors) in growth plate chondrocytes
  • potent stimulator of longitudinal bone growth
  • stimulates RELA nuclear translocation and DNA binding in growth plate chondrocytes
  • FGF21 and GH1 are metabolic hormones that play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism
  • GH1/IGF-1 axis is the key regulator of somatic growth
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS development
    text growth
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling hormonal
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • Ghrelin is the strongest GH1 secretagogue and may be a key regulator of GH1 peak amplitude
  • may promote growth plate chondrocyte function by activating both IGF1 and BMP2 activity
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by GH signaling inhibited by estrigen through SOCS2 médiation
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) IGHD1 , IGHD2
    Susceptibility
  • to hypertension and strocke
  • to IGHD (isolated GH deficiency)
  • to tall stature
  • Variant & Polymorphism other
  • core promoter haplotype(CH7, CH9, CH10, CH11)increasing the risk of hypertension and strocke
  • 57GT polymorphism contributes to IGHD susceptibility
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS