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FLASH GENE

Symbol

NDRG2

contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 21-09-2015

HGNC name	NDRG family member 2
HGNC id	14460

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_201535 17 splicing 2142 40.8 371 - 2002 11936845 isoform a NM_016250 16 splicing 2100 39.1 357 - 2002 11936845 lacking an alternate in frame exon compared to variant 1 encoding isoform b NM_201536 15 splicing 2033 39.1 357 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTR and lacking an alternate in frame exon compared to variant 1 encoding isoform b NM_201537 16 splicing 2075 40.6 371 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTr compared to variant 1 NM_201538 15 splicing 2010 39.1 357 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTR and lacking an alternate in frame exon compared to variant 1 encoding isoform b NM_201539 16 splicing 2052 40 371 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTR compared to variant 1 encoding isoform a NM_201540 17 splicing 2119 40 371 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTR compared to variant 1 encoding isoform a NM_201541 16 splicing 2077 39 357 - 2002 11936845 differing in the 5'UTR and lacking an alternate in frame exon compared to variant 1 encoding isoform b

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive intestine large intestine colon   lowly   salivary gland       highly Nervous brain basal nuclei corpus callosum   predominantly   brain diencephalon thalamus   predominantly   brain       highly   spinal cord       predominantly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Muscular striatum skeletal   highly Nervous central

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous astrocyte Nervous glia Nervous oligodendrocyte

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

fetal

Text	brain highly

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	lacking the hydrophilic sequence of NDRG1
	a central alpha-beta-hydrolase fold domain
	several phosphorylation sites (its phosphorylation is mediated through insulin-stimulated AKT activation)

conjugated

PhosphoP

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to murine Ndrg2 (95.5pc)
	homolog to rattus Ndrg2 (95.8pc)

intraspecies	homolog to NDRG1
	homolog to NDRG4 (60p1000)

Homologene

FAMILY

N-myc downregulated gene (NDRG) family

CATEGORY

regulatory

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule,centrosome
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	may be playing a role in neurite outgrowth
	may be a tumor suppressor gene
	implicated in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and is rapidly responsive to mineral corticoid-stimulation in the kidney
	inhibiting JAK2 or STAT3 activation in a MAPK14 dependent manner and up-regulating the expression level of SOCS1 mRNA and protein
	growth inhibitory gene in signal transduction pathway of breast cancer tumor cells
	may play a partially redundant role in specific cells in the brain
	possible role for NDRG2 in the intracellular signaling pathway mediated by modulation of the phosphorylation of the C-terminal amino acids
	might have a pivotal role as one of intrinsic factors for the modulation of MAPK14 phosphorylation, and subsequently involve in controlling of IL10 production
	candidate tumor-suppressor gene for oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and probably contributes to the tumorigenesis of OSCC partly via the modulation of Akt signaling
	specifically expressed in dendritic cells (DC) differentiation and might have a biological role as an internal regulator for DC differentiation and function
	its expression was negatively correlated with malignancy in hepatocellular carcinoma
	exerted its anti-tumor activity by regulating CD24, a molecule that mediates cell-cell interaction, tumor proliferation and adhesion

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, differentiation

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	interacting with MCRS1
	NDRG2 is a novel target for TRIM32 and TRIM32 is involved in control of myogenic cells proliferation and differentiation
	regulation of GRIK2 by SGK1 and NDRG2 in astrocytes may play an important role in gliotransmission, modulation of gene expression and regulation of exocytosis of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)

cell & other

REGULATION

inhibited by

down-regulated by Myc through transcriptional repression on its core promoter region

Other	its expression is regulated by promoter methylation and miR-650 in colorectal cancer cells

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --low   by hypermethylation of the promoter in grade III meningioma tumoral     --low   in liver and pancreatic cancers tumoral     --low   in glioblastoma, lung and breast cancer, and clinically aggressive meningioma constitutional     --over   in Alzheimer disease tumoral     --over   overexpression inhibits glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation, and decreased NDRG2 expression correlates with decreased GBM patient survival tumoral     --low   dependent on promoter methylation, was seen in the majority of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cases and in several cases of precancerous leukoplakia with dysplasia tumoral     --low   in colorectal cancer compared to benign colorectal tissues, and hypermethylation of NDRG2 was significantly correlated with nodal metastasis and poor differentiation

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene	biomarker to predict aggressive behavior in patients with meningioma
	aberrant hypermethylation of the NDRG2 gene could be a molecular marker for detection and treatment of human colorectal cancers
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer head and neck   potential target for therapeutic intervention in oral squamous-cell carcinoma

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Tbx2 in the embryonic mouse heart at early stages of development throughout the myocardium of the heart tube both represses proliferation and impairs secondary heart field (SHF) progenitor cell deployment into the outflow tract (OFT), implicating the upregulation of Ndrg2 and downregulation of Ndrg4 expression