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FLASH GENE
Symbol SATB2 contributors: mct/npt/shn/pgu - updated : 06/02/2018
HGNC name SATB homeobox 2
HGNC id 21637
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
12 splicing 5306 - 733 - 2003 14701874
11 splicing 5730 - 733 - 2003 14701874
12 - 5326 - 733 - 2003 14701874
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervousbrain   highly Homo sapiensAdult
 brain   lowly Homo sapiensFetal
 brain   highly Homo sapiensAdult
Reproductivemale systemtestis  lowly Homo sapiensAdult
Urinarykidney   highly Homo sapiensAdult
cell lineage
cell lines J558L, M12, 38B9 (
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period fetal
Text brain
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • two CUT DNA-binding domains
  • two central nuclear matrix attachment region (MAR) domains
  • two SUMO acceptor sites that are not present in SATB1
  • a C-terminal homeobox domain
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Satb2, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Satb2, Rattus norvegicus
    ortholog to satb2, Danio rerio
    ortholog to SATB2, Pan troglodytes
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • CUT homeobox family
  • CATEGORY transcription factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • may play an important role in palate formation, key regulator of jaw and palate development
  • may regulate differentiation of subsets of neurons at the level of higher order chromatin structure via binding to matrix attachment region DNA elements
  • acts as a molecular node in a transcriptional network regulating skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation (
  • is linked to craniofacial patterning and osteoblast differentiation, as well as development of cortical neurons
  • repressing the expression of several Hox genes
  • along with other AT-rich DNA binding proteins, is involved in mediating epigenetic influences during cortical development
  • potentially key gene coordinating the elaboration of the functional design of jaws, including of the mammalian palate
  • regulate gene expression at the chromatin level
  • function of SATB1 and SATB2 is critically required for the proper differentiation of ES cells into somatic cells
  • functions broadly as a transcription regulator, and its expression patterns suggest an important role in craniofacial and central nervous system development
  • can function as a co-factor to regulate gene expression in osteogenesis and SATB family proteins can act as both co-repressors and co-activators in a context-dependent manner
  • transcription factor, which belongs to the family of special AT-rich binding proteins that binds to nuclear matrix-attachment regions
  • regulatory link between SP7 an SATB2, two important transcription factors, during bone formation
  • SATB1, SATB2 proteins promote trophoblast stem cell renewal and inhibit differentiation
  • SATB1 and SATB2 act similarly to promote stemness and inhibit trophoblast stem cell differentiation
  • required for transcriptional repression of Ctip2 in callosal neurons (
  • a central role for Ski-Satb2 interactions in regulating transcriptional mechanisms of callosal neuron specification (
  • SATB2 plays a critical role in the gene regulatory network directing the development of Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in arcuate nucleus (ARC)
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription, regulation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • SATB1 and SATB2 can form both homodimers and heterodimers via a highly conserved PDZ domain
  • INTERACTION
    DNA AT-rich DNA elements (
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • MARs (
  • Runx2 and ATF4 (
  • NANOG locus
  • histone deacetylase 1 and metastasis-associated protein 2,
  • SP7 controls SATB2 expression
  • first TP63 binding partner that differentially influences AEC and EEC TP63 mutant proteins
  • EOMES is a target for SATB proteins, SATB1, SATB2
  • SKI (
  • SATB2 binds to the UPF3B promoter, and SATB2 expression significantly activates gene transcription using the UPF3B promoter
  • DLX1 is identified as a potential downstream gene of SATB2 in regulating the development of arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other target for SUMOylation, a reversible modification of the protein that modulates its activity as a transcription factor
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) DEL2Q32 , OFC7
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional   translocation    
    t(2;7) or t(2;11) in isolated cleft palate
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene plausible candidate gene for Toriello-Carey syndrome
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • loss of Satb2 results in amplification of craniofacial defects and leads both to increased apoptosis in the craniofacial mesenchyme where Satb2 is usually expressed and to changes in the pattern of expression of three genes implicated in the regulation of craniofacial development in humans and mice: Pax9, Alx4, and Msx1 (
  • Satb2-/- embryos have delayed bone formation or mineralization