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FLASH GENE
Symbol TFAP2C contributors: mct - updated : 04-04-2016
HGNC name transcription factor AP-2 gamma (activating enhancer binding protein 2 gamma)
HGNC id 11744
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
7 - 2895 - 450 - 2003 12733991
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart    
Digestivesalivary gland   highly
Reproductivefemale systemplacenta  highly
 female systembreastmammary gland highly Homo sapiens
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx   
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period embryo, fetal, pregnancy
Text
  • placenta
  • expressed at a high level in the trophectoderm
  • in the mammary gland by 19 weeks gestation, whereas later in development and in the adult mammary gland TFAP2C expression is restricted to myoepithelial cells
  • PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • WW-binding motif mediating interaction with WWOX
  • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • retinoic acid-inducible, developmentally regulated family of AP-2 factors
  • CATEGORY transcription factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    basic FUNCTION
  • transcription factor, gamma regulating the expression of genes required for development of ectodermal tissues
  • playing a role in the development of the eyes, face, body wall, limbs, and neural tube
  • controls hormone response in breast cancer cells through multiple pathways of estrogen signaling
  • with TFAP2A, play an essential role in tumorigenesis
  • its activity at specific target genes depends upon epigenetic chromatin structure, and interaction with ESR1 promoter is controlled by chromatin structure
  • important role for TFAP2C, SMARCA4, and EOMES in trophoblast stem cell self-renewal
  • may play a role in the estrogen signaling pathway
  • transcription factor involved in mammary development, differentiation, and oncogenesis
  • plays a critical role in gene regulation in hormone responsive breast cancer
  • potentially cooperate with CDX2 to override the pluripotency program and establish the extraembryonic trophoblast maintenance program
  • inducing CDX2 and repressing NANOG expression (suggests that the maintenance of trophoblast stem cell fate requires both TCFAP2C and CDX2 protein function
  • plays a critical role in gene regulation in hormone responsive breast cancer and its target genes are different than for the ERBB2 breast cancer phenotype
  • established role of GPX1 in breast cancer, providing an important mechanism for TFAP2C to further influence oncogenesis and progression of breast carcinoma cells
  • influences development of the luminal cell type during mammary development, suggesting that TFAP2C has an important role in regulated luminal-specific gene
  • facilitates trophectoderm lineage specification by functioning as a key regulator of CDX2 transcription, cell polarity and position-dependent HIPPO signaling
  • required for placental development and trophoblast stem cell maintenance
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • can form homodimers or heterodimers with other AP-2 family members
  • CITED2-TFAP2C complex controls lung maturation by regulating CEBPA expression
  • INTERACTION
    DNA DNA binding as a dimer
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacts with WWOX
  • interacts with CITED4
  • directly regulated the basal progenitor fate determinants NEUROD4 and EOMES
  • ESR1, WWOX, GREB1, and FOXA1 as primary targets confirmed the role of TFAP2C in hormone response
  • is a novel collaborative factor in ESR1-mediated transcription
  • downregulate transcription of the universal cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip) (CDKN1A)
  • TFAP2C and MYC associate with distinct domains of KDM5B and the TFAP2C C-terminal 270 AAs are required for MYC and KDM5B interaction
  • GPX1 is regulated by TFAP2C through an AP-2 regulatory region in the promoter of the GPX1 gene
  • is one of the transcription factors involved in the SLC52A1 expression in human villous trophoblast cells
  • role for TFAP2C in melanoma via its regulation of ECM1
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by during retinoic acid-mediated differentiation
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in breast cancer
    constitutional   deletion    
    results in early embryonic loss because of failure in placental development
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerreproductivebreast
    may be a viable therapeutic target in breast cancer
    cancerreproductivebreast
    therapeutic target in the design of new drug treatments for breast cancer
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Tcfap2c-deficient mice display a defect in trophectoderm development