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FLASH GENE
Symbol DKK4 contributors: mct - updated : 19-01-2017
HGNC name dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis)
HGNC id 2894
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
4 - 835 - 224 - 2001 11701963
EXPRESSION
Type
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
digestiveesophagus    
Nervousbrainhindbraincerebellum  
Respiratorylung    
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion secreted
at STAGE
physiological period embryo, pregnancy
Text placenta
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N terminal signal peptide
  • two clusters of ten cysteine residues separated by a linker region
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Dkk4
    Homologene
    FAMILY dickkopf family
    CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    basic FUNCTION
  • acts in a negative feedback loop to attenuate canonical Wnt signaling, and may facilitate a switch to the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway that is involved in cell movements during morphogenesis
  • acts as a negative regulator of WNT/CTNNB1 pathway
  • DKK1, DKK2, DKK3, DKK4 are known to modulate Wnt/CTNNB1 signaling, which is activated during bone formation
  • functions as an inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis through WNT/CTNNB1 signaling
  • dynamic state of DKK4 itself and its interaction with LRP6 modulates WNT function during Meibomian gland (MG) development, with a novel limitation of DKK4 action by proteolytic cleavage
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, cell death/apoptosis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS development
    text embryogenesis, morphogenesis
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • WNT proteins
  • LRP6 through the second cluster of cysteine residues
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other unlikely to be involved in holoprosencephaly
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    in hepatocellular carcinoma, associated with CTNNB1 accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
    constitutional     --low  
    suppression of DKK4 expression promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and suppressed apoptosis
    tumoral       gain of function
    in most colorectal tumors, and Dickkopf-4 upregulation reflects activation of the Wnt/canonical pathway
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Dkk4 transgene in wild-type mice had no effect on primary hair, but secondary hairs were severely malformed