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FLASH GENE
Symbol GPR68 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 29-11-2016
HGNC name G protein-coupled receptor 68
HGNC id 4519
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
2 - 2834 - 365 - 2012 22508039
2 - 2880 - 365 - 2012 22508039
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestine     Homo sapiens
 mouthtoothenamel   Homo sapiensAdult
Lymphoid/Immunethymus    
Reproductivemale systemprostate   
Visualeyeretina  highly Homo sapiens
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectivebone   
Lymphoid    
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood/Hematopoieticleukocyte
Digestiveameloblast Homo sapiensFetal
Skeletonosteoblast
cell lineage
cell lines osteosarcoma cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period pregnancy
Text placenta
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • seven transmembrane segments (7TM) receptor
  • HOMOLOGY
    intraspecies homolog to GPR4,strongly
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • G protein coupled receptor 1 family
  • CATEGORY receptor membrane G
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
    basic FUNCTION
  • proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor involved in bone metabolism, in the regulation of respiration, and cardiovascular function
  • proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in osteoblast and osteoclast function
  • acting as a proton-sensing receptor stimulating inositol phosphate formation
  • is involved in osteoclastogenesis
  • may be involved in the regulation of plasma membrane transport proteins and intra- and/or extracellular pH
  • involvement of GPR68 in acidic extracellular environment may be an underlying mechanism responsible for bone pain in osteoporosis or bone metastasis without clinically proved fractures
  • pathophysiological role for pH-sensing receptor GPR68 during the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation
  • GPR4, GPR65 and GPR68 are G protein-coupled receptors that aid cells to sense and survive conditions of acidic pH
  • pH-sensing receptor GPR68 that improves barrier function of epithelial cells and inhibits migration in an acidic environment
  • CASR and GPR68 reciprocally inhibit signaling through each other in central neurons, but strong intracellular acidification impairs CASR function, and potentiates GPR68 function
  • plays likely a key role in regulating T cell responses during autoimmunity
  • GPR4, GPR68, GPR65, GPR132 are regulators of cell proliferation and migration during tumor growth and wound healing
  • role for GPR68 as a proton sensor that is required for proper enamel formation
  • recognized pH sensor in osteoblasts and osteocytes
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • receptor for sphingosylphosphorylcholine
  • interacting with RGS18 (acts as a negative regulator of the acidosis-induced osteoclastogenic GPR68/NFATC1 signaling pathway)
  • beta-cell enriched transcription factor RFX6 is a major regulator of GPR68
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL8 production in human pancreatic beta cells
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) AI2A6
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    in the mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS