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FLASH GENE
Symbol LHX3 contributors: mct - updated : 31-05-2014
HGNC name LIM homeobox 3
HGNC id 6595
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 6.91 kb     6 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
motif
text structure
  • two alternative exon 1a, 1b
  • two conserved, TATA-less, GC-rich promoters that are used to transcribe the mRNAs precede exons 1a and 1b of LHX3
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text dual promoters allow regulated production of two LHX3 mRNAs
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    6 initiation site 2376 43.4 397 restricted to glycoprotein subunit-expressing thyrotropes and gonadotropes 2006 16179410
  • two proteins, isoform a and M2-LHX3 generated by an internal translation initiation codon
  • differ in their amino-terminal sequences
  • 6 splicing initiation site 2413 44 402 . nucleus . corticotrop cells 2001 11470784
  • differ in their amino-terminal sequences
  • inhibiting DNA binding and gene activation functions of LHX3
  • a distal element within intron 1a that is recognized by nuclear factor I is critical for LHX3b promoter function
  • - - - - - present in pituitary cells 2007 17616267
  • also called M2-LHX3
  • lacking the LIM domain
  • three homeodomains and carboxyl activation domain
  • generated by an internal translation initiation codon
  • inhibited by the LHX3b-specific domain coding sequence
  • displaying an increased binding to the DNA sites
  • can synergize with POU1F1 to induce transcription of the PRL and TSH promoters
  • EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Hearing/EquilibriumearinnercochleaCorti 
    Nervousbrain    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Epithelialsensorystato-auditory  
    Nervouscentral   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Hearing / Equilibriumhair cell receptor
    Nervousneuron
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo, fetal
    Text in the rostrocaudal region of the spinal cord (ventral part) and hindbrain, Rathke pouch at stages of development
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • two amino terminal tandemly repeated LIM motifs
  • three homeodomains
  • a C terminus helix-turn-helix (homeodomain) binding protein, carboxyl activation domain
  • mono polymer tetramer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Lhx3
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY transcription factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus,chromatin/chromosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • LIM homeodomain class transcription factors with important roles in pituitary and nervous system development
  • play essential roles in pituitary gland and nervous system development
  • transactivator of pituitary genes
  • required for the function of both motoneuron and interneuron complex in presence of ISL1 and LDB1
  • involved in activation of the FSH beta-subunit gene in the pituitary gonadotrope cell, via its LIM homeodomain
  • required for cochlea hair cell differentiation and is regulated in part either directly or indirectly by POU4F3 specifically in the cochlea sensory epithelium
  • essential for pituitary gland and nervous system development
  • LHX3/VSX2 medullary reticular formation neurons are likely involved in locomotion
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS development
    text pituitary development
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • tetramer with LDB1-ISL1
  • LIM complex composed of ISL1 and LHX3 directs the specification of spinal motor neurons (MNs) in embryos
  • crucial regulatory axis for the ventral axonal trajectory of developing spinal MNs, consisting of the ISL1-LHX3 complex, STAM1 and CXCR4
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • isoform a coinducing TSGB with POU1F1
  • isoform b transactivating the alpha-glyco protein subunit (CGA) promoter
  • LDB1-ISL1 (by the LIM domain)
  • SLB
  • possible interaction between LHX3 and SOX2 likely to be important for development of both the inner ear and the anterior pituitary in embryonic development (SOX2 is able to activate transcription of the LHX3 promoter)
  • ISL1 is a novel transcriptional regulator of LHX3
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other expression of LHX3 is regulated differently in auditory and vestibular hair cells
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) CPHD3
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    cooperating with Lhx4 in pituitary development in mice