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FLASH GENE
Symbol PALLD contributors: mct/npt/pgu/shn - updated : 24-09-2012
HGNC name palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein
HGNC id 17068
DNA
TYPE like-sequence
STRUCTURE 431.39 kb     21 Exon(s)
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
Map cen - D4S2368 - D4S1596 - PALLD - D4S1597 - D4S2910 - qter
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
22 splicing 5870 - 1123 - 2008 18180288
  • contains a total of 5 Ig domains (Ig1-Ig5)
  • bind to the actin-binding protein LASP1
  • 21 splicing 5809 140 1106 - 2008 18180288
    contain an additional fourth Ig domain (Ig2) near the N terminus
    17 splicing 4938 90 777 - 2008 18180288
  • three C-terminal Ig domains (Ig3, Ig4, and Ig5)
  • generates actin bundles and one of its Ig domains possesses actin-binding activity
  • 11 splicing 4437 - 672 - -
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart   highly
    Endocrineparathyroid   highly
    Nervousgangliasensory gangliadorsal root highly Homo sapiens
     spinal cord   highly
    Reproductivefemale systemuterus  highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectivebone  highly
    Muscularstriatumcardiac  
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
     digestive
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo
    Text ubiquitous, Z-lines
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • N terminal proline-rich region including a FPPPP motif
  • three C-terminal Ig domains (Ig3, Ig4, and Ig5) at the C terminal half, Ig3 domain bound to F-actin
  • conjugated PhosphoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Palld, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Palld, Rattus norvegicus
    ortholog to PALLD, Pan troglodytes
    intraspecies homolog to high degree of homology between palladin and myotilin in their Ig domains
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • myotilin/palladin family
  • CATEGORY adhesion
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • detected in structures that contain contractile bundles of actin filaments, such as stress fibers and sarcomeres
  • localizes to anchoring structures such as focal adhesions and podosomes, and motile structures such as neuronal growth cones and dorsal ruffles
  • widely expressed protein found in stress fibers, focal adhesions, growth cones, Z-discs, and other actin-based subcellular structures
  • PDLIM1 and palladin were colocalized in the neurites and cell bodies of primary DRG neurons
  • basic FUNCTION
  • actin cytoskeleton-associated protein, which is actively involved in the regulation of cell-ECM interaction
  • playing an important role in cell adhesion and motility
  • requiring for the normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion
  • participating in modulation of actin cytoskeleton by binding to a variety of scaffold and signaling molecules
  • actin-associated protein playing critical roles in establishing cell morphology and maintaining cytoskeletal organization in a wide variety of cell types
  • may playing an important role in recruiting profilin to sites of actin dynamics
  • playing a potential role in generating specialized, actin-based cell morphologies via both direct actin cross-linking activity and indirect scaffolding activity
  • may function as a direct binding partner for F-actin
  • playing an essential role for cell-ECM interaction through maintaining normal actin cytoskeleton architecture and stabilizing beta1-integrin protein
  • participate in modulation of actin cytoskeleton by binding to a variety of scaffold and signaling molecules
  • shares with myotilin the ability to bind directly to F-actin, and to crosslink actin filaments into bundles
  • actin-organizing activity of palladin plays a central role in promoting cell motility
  • essential for expression of the full complement of contractile proteins necessary for optimal force development of smooth muscle cells derived from EBs (embryoid bodies)
  • actin associated protein, plays a significant role in regulating cell adhesion and cell motility
  • plays a key role in the differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the developing vasculature
  • actin-bundling protein that functions to control the actin cytoskeleton, as an AKT1-specific substrate that inhibits breast cancer cell migration
  • modulates the subcellular localization of ILKAP and promotes the ILKAP-induced apoptosis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell organization/biogenesis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • component of actin-containing microfilaments
  • PDLIM1 and palladin formed a complex in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • ezrin
  • alpha-actinin
  • SH3 domain of ArgBP2
  • SH3 domains of NCKIPSD and SRC
  • ILKAP
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other tyrosine phosphorylated in cells expressing active Src indicating bidirectional interplay between palladin and Src
    regulated by Akt signaling (regulates the stability of palladin, and further supports the notion that Akt isoforms have distinct and specific roles in tumorigenesis) (
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral        
    loss of palladin may be an integral part of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an early step in the metastatic spread of colon carcinoma
    tumoral     --over  
    contributes to the invasive behavior of metastatic cells
    Susceptibility to myocardial infarction
    Variant & Polymorphism SNP increasing the risk of myocardial infarction
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS