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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CD163

contributors: mct - updated : 26-01-2016

HGNC name	CD163 molecule
HGNC id	1631

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	33.00 kb     17 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

confirmed

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_004244 17 splicing 4231 NP_004235 125.4 1156 cytoplasmic 2009 18849484 intron 15 variant 3 - splicing - isoform 3 - 1149 extracellular 1999 10403791 intron 7 a truncated form NM_203416 17 splicing 4148 NP_981961 - 1121 cytoplasmic 2009 18849484 variant 4 - - 3728 isoform 4 - 1121 - 2006 16189277 intron 5 variant k11 - - - isoform k11 - - - 2006 16522161 deletion at the start of exon 15 (deleted region contains a PKCalpha phosphorylation site and an amino acid sequence (YREM) that may support efficient receptor endocytosis)

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Reproductive female system placenta     highly Homo sapiens

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood/Hematopoietic monocyte Homo sapiens Lymphoid/Immune macrophage Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo

Text	stem cells progenitor cells

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a leader peptide (40AA)
	an extra cellular domain of 1003 residues containing nine long type scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, with SRCR domain 3 that is an exposed domain and a critical determinant for the calcium-sensitive coupling of haptoglobin
	a transmembrane segment of 24 residues
	a cytoplasmic domain of 49 AA

conjugated

GlycoP

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY	scavenger receptor cystein-rich (SRCR) superfamily
	class B subfamily

CATEGORY

antigen , receptor membrane

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane

basic FUNCTION	involved in myeloid specific gene expression, signal inducing
	activation of CD163 on hematopoietic progenitor cells may mediate a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis
	adhesion receptor for erythroblasts in erythroblastic islands, and may have a regulatory role during erythropoiesis
	macrophage receptor for endocytosis of haptoglobin
	scavenger receptor pathway involved in detoxification and clearance of extracellular hemoglobin (Hb)
	acting as a receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes and to mediate cell-cell interactions between macrophages and developing erythroblasts in erythroblastic islands
	macrophage receptor for bacteria and during bacterial infection, on resident tissue macrophages acts as an innate immune sensor and inducer of local inflammation
	soluble form of human CD163 is released from the cell surface by proteolysis after oxidative stress or inflammatory stimuli
	scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes, that is shedded (as sCD163) by inflammatory stimuli

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

other,

bind both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and a previously identified cell-binding motif in the second scavenger domain of CD163 was sufficient to mediate this binding

protein	PF4 may promote atherogenesis by suppressing CD163 in macrophages, which are then unable to upregulate the atheroprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in response to hemoglobin
	ADAM17 mediates ectodomain shedding of the scavenger receptor CD163
	overexpression of CD163 by macrophages may be involved in the development of preretinal fibrovascular membranes (FVMs)in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), partly through periostin production

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   in acute liver failure significantly correlated with fatal outcome and might be used with other parameters to determine prognosis constitutional     --over   during the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome acute phase were significantly higher in patients than during the convalescent stage and the levels in the healthy controls constitutional     --over   in monocytes of active Crohn disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), associated with increased macrophage activation constitutional     --over   in people with diabetic polyneuropathy, suggesting that inflammation plays a role in the development of neural impairment constitutional     --over   in gestational diabetes mellitus tumoral     --over   associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer constitutional     --over   association of elevated sCD163 with organ dysfunction and adverse outcome of critical illness constitutional     --over   in patients with scleroderma

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	soluble CD163 may be a potential biomarker for the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy
	soluble CD163 values were significantly higher in bone marrow samples than in the matched blood samples, and is a a novel biomarker in multiple myeloma
	may have a role as a biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity suggesting that resident macrophages are important for joint destruction
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS