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FLASH GENE
Symbol PLD1 contributors: mct - updated : 07-12-2016
HGNC name phospholipase D1, phophatidylcholine-specific
HGNC id 9067
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 210.09 kb     26 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
27 - 6025 124.2 1072 - Steel, Hammond
  • longer form of PLD1
  • 26 splicing 5911 - 1036 - Steel, Hammond
  • lacking amino acids 585 to 624
  • shorter form of PLD1
  • EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveesophagus   highly
     mouthtongue  highly
    Endocrineadrenal gland   highly
    Nervousbrainhindbrain  highly Rattus norvegicusFetal
    Reproductivefemale systembreastmammary gland lowly
     female systemuterus  lowly
    Urinarykidney   moderately
    Visualeye   moderately
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow  moderately
    Connectivebone  moderately
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousglia Rattus norvegicusFetal
    Nervousneuron Rattus norvegicusFetal
    NervousPurkinje cell Rattus norvegicusFetal
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • an effector regulatory region at the N terminus (modified for the PLD activation), and four hydrophobic residues present in the N-terminal HKD catalytic motif responsible for vesicular localization
  • a putative pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
  • a catalytic domain
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Pld1 (90.63 pc)
    homolog to murine Pld1 (91.41 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY phospholipase D family
    CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,lysosome
    text
  • perinuclear
  • PLD1 is translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of endothelial secretion, and this process correlates with the generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in the plasma membrane
  • primarily localized in vesicular structures such as endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes
  • basic FUNCTION
  • phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine specific
  • involved in inflammation, metabolic regulation, oncogenesis, neural and cardiac stimulation
  • intravesicular membrane trafficking, cell morphology alterations
  • having a protective effect against TNF-induced apoptosis
  • implicated in the release process of a variety of hormones, most likely at a late stage of exocytosis through the production of lipids that are essential for the fusion process and seems to be also essential for fast neurotransmitter release
  • both PLD1 and PLD2 participate in regulated cellular secretion, cytoskeletal organization, gene expression regulation, cell cycle control, growth, proliferation, and differentiation
  • PLD1, PLD2 activity plays an important role in promoting IgE-dependent signaling events within lipid microdomains in mast cells
  • its phosphorylation is important for the regulation of (14)C-glucose uptake
  • role of phospholipase D1 in glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic Beta cells
  • its nuclear localization mediates the activation of nuclear PRKCA and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways
  • PLD1, PLD2 shortens the differentiation time of cells becoming mature neutrophils
  • acts downstream of RHOA, one of the small Rho GTPases, to suppress dendritic branching
  • in the tumor environment promotes tumor growth and metastasis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
  • RHOA-PLD1-phosphatidic acid (PA) may represent a novel signaling pathway in the restriction of dendritic branching
  • PIK3C3-PLD1 pathway acts independently of, and in parallel to, the Rag pathway in regulating amino acid activation of MTOR
  • a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • is a specific regulator of VWF secretion
  • PLD1 regulates PSEN1 trafficking and PLD1 overexpression promotes cell surface accumulation of PSEN1 in an APP-independent manner
  • PEA15 positively regulates HRAS/ERK signaling and increases the proliferation of HRAS-transformed epithelial cells through enhanced PLD1 expression and activation
  • interacting with FAM83B (elevated FAM83B expression and suppression of PLD1 activity prevents FAM83B-mediated transformation)
  • ADRA1B contraction of vascular smooth muscle involves activation of PLD1, which controls a portion of the ADRA1B-induced CACNA1C channel activity
  • HS1BP3 inhibits autophagy by regulation of PLD1
  • RALA recruits PLD1 to lysosomes during nutrient deprivation to promote the localized production of phosphatidic acid (PA) and the recruitment of perilipin 3 to expanding lipid droplets (LDs)
  • cell & other i5 membrane associated
    REGULATION
    activated by ADP-ribosylation factor 1, by protein kinase C alpha, and Rho A
    Other regulated by RPS6KA3 (PLD1 phosphorylation by RPS6KA3 is essential for the function of PLD1 in exocytosis)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       loss of function
    of the lipid-signaling enzymes phospholipase D1 and D2 alter cytoskeletal organization, macrophage phagocytosis, and cytokine-stimulated neutrophil recruitment
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancer  
    potential use of PLD1 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS