Selected-GenAtlas references SOURCE GeneCards NCBI Gene Swiss-Prot Ensembl
HGNC UniGene Nucleotide OMIM UCSC
Home Page
FLASH GENE
Symbol PAEP contributors: mct - updated : 25-06-2014
HGNC name progestagen-associated endometrial protein (placental protein 14, pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2-globulin, alpha uterine protein)
HGNC id 8573
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE arranged in tandem
STRUCTURE 5.02 kb     7 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
motif
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
7 - 857 - 180 - Richter
7 - 828 - 180 - Richter
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart    
 vesselscapillary   
Reproductivefemale systemuterus    Homo sapiens
 female systemplacenta   
 female systemovary   
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Epithelialbarrier/liningendometrium   Homo sapiens
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Reproductiveepithelial cell Homo sapiens
cell lineage hematopoietic cells of the megakaryocytic lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion ammiotic fluid and uterine luminal fluid, present at high concentration
at STAGE
physiological period pregnancy
Text decidua
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Hydrophobic
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a single eight-stranded continuously hydrogen-bonded antiparallel beta-barrel which encloses an internal ligand binding site
  • three potential N-glycosylation sites namely Asn-28, Asn-63 and Asn-85 of which the first two are glycosylated
  • conjugated GlycoP
    mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Paep
    Homologene
    FAMILY lipocalin family, Kernel group
    CATEGORY immunity/defense , secretory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
    basic FUNCTION
  • progestagen-associated endometrial protein, secreted in the endometrium from mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during the first trimester of pregnancy
  • demonstrating potential immunosuppresive properties
  • having immunomodulatory activity, implicated in the protection of the fetus from the maternal immune attack (inhibit the proliferation of T and B-cells and the activity of NK cells)
  • progesterone regulated lipocalin
  • may act as an autocrine factor within endometriotic implants to increase VEGF expression during oxidative stress
  • acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer
  • contributes to the cytokine shift in early pregnancy
  • protective role during pregnancy by regulating the cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T cells
  • role of in supporting immune tolerance in pregnancy by reducing T cell effector functions along with augmenting Treg differentiation
  • lipocalin with an immunomodulatory role
  • inhibits activation and proliferation, and induces apoptosis of T cells
  • role as a paracrine regulator in early pregnancy
  • involved in fetomaternal defense and early placental development through its regulatory activities in various immune cells
  • cell surface glycoprotein offering a unique gender specific carbohydrate configuration (PMID;
  • is the principal secretory phase product of endometrium and has been shown to inhibit cell immune function
  • may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • induction of FOXP3 expression by PAEP is accompanied by down regulation of the PI3K-MTOR signaling pathway
  • PAEP interacts with SELL to induce IL6 production in monocytes/macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by by sialyl transferase and sialidase before secretion by the endometrium
    Other deglycosylation abolishes the binding and therefore the action of the glycodelins on spermatozoa
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    in human first trimester abortion and partially upregulated in mole pregnancy
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • independent prognostic marker for poor prognosis in advanced ovarian cancer patients
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS