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FLASH GENE
Symbol XPA contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 21-06-2015
HGNC name xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A
HGNC id 12814
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 22.50 kb     6 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
Map cen - D9S12 ,D9S151 - D9S197 - D9S196 - FANCC FANCC - D9S280 - XPA XPA - D9S180 - D9S1711 - D9S272 - ALDOB ALDOB - D9S22 ,D9S6 - D9S176 ,D9S173 - D9S109 - D9S127 ,D9S53- qter
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
6 - 1491 31 273 - 2012 23152873
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestine  highly
 mouthtongue  highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow  highly
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Lymphoid/ImmuneB cell
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a nuclear localization signal
  • a AlkB homolog 2 PCNA interacting motif (APIM)
  • mono polymer dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to yeast RAD14
    homolog to murine Xpa
    homolog to rattus LOC298074
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • XPA family
  • CATEGORY DNA associated
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,chromatin/chromosome
    text
  • colocalizes with PCNA in replication foci and is loaded on newly synthesized DNA in undamaged cells
  • basic FUNCTION
  • binding photoproduct (damage recognition in the process of nucleotide excision repair)
  • monitoring DNA binding and unwinding and exercizing an architectural function in DNA repair
  • transcription-coupled repair (TCR) of oxidative lesions
  • critical role of XPA as a scaffold might explain why XP-A patients or XPA-deficient cells exhibit the most severe phenotypes among seven complementation groups of NER-defective XP
  • possible key role of XPA orientation in conjunction with RPA1 binding to undamaged strand for the positioning of the NER (nucleotide excision repair) preincision complex
  • proper orientation of XPA and RPA1 in the stage of preincision was achieved in the absence of ERCC3 and XPG
  • central but somewhat elusive role in nucleotide excision repair
  • its phosphorylation enhanced the chromatin retention of XPA, the interaction with its binding partners following DNA damage
  • essential protein in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, in charge of recruiting the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease complex to the DNA damage site
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, repair, nucleotide excision repair
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    nucleotide-excision repair
    a component
  • complexing with ERCC1 (complex essential for nucleotide excision repair activity)
  • INTERACTION
    DNA damaged DNA binding
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding,
  • Zn2+
  • protein
  • associating with RPA,subunits 1 and 2
  • interacting with XAB1
  • interacting with DDB1, DDB2 (directly mainly through DDB2 subunit and the amino-acid residues between 185 and 226 in XPA are important for the interaction)(Wakasugi 2009)
  • SIRT1 interacts with XPA, and the interaction is enhanced after UV irradiation
  • nucleotide excision repair (NER) is regulated by the ATR/TP53 checkpoint via modulation of XPA nuclear import and this regulation occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner
  • interaction between ERCC1 and XPA is essential for a successful NER function
  • GTF2H5 recruits XPA through its first 15 amino acids
  • XPA requires RASSF1 to exert full repair activity, and RASSF1-deficient cells exhibit an impaired ability to repair DNA
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Phosphorylated by ATR (for NER activation, ATR phosphorylates XPA, the rate-limiting factor in the NER pathway)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) XPA
    Susceptibility gastric carcinoma (GCA)
    Variant & Polymorphism other A23G polymorphisms may be useful markers for identifying individuals at risk of developing GCA in China
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Xpa deficiency substantially reduces the age-dependent CAG repeat instability at the mouse Sca1 locus in several tissues of the brain, but does not affect instability in the kidney or liver