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FLASH GENE
Symbol PON2 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 26-03-2010
HGNC name paraoxonase 2
HGNC id 9205
DNA
TYPE like-sequence
SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
STRUCTURE 30.21 kb     9 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
9 - 1669 - 354 - Mochizuki (1998)
9 - 1633 - 342 - Mochizuki (1998)
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestinejejunum highly
 liver   highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
interspecies homolog to murine Pou2
Homologene
FAMILY
  • paraoxonase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,lysosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,microsome
    text
  • predominant PON2 association with microsomes and lysosomes in the human jejunum (Levy 2007)
  • localization to the ER in endothelial cells (Stoltzl 2009)
  • basic FUNCTION
  • acting as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress
  • attenuates macrophage triglyceride accumulation and foam cell formation via inhibition of microsomal DGAT1 activity, which appears to be sensitive to oxidative state (Rosenblat 2009)
  • macrophage PON2 expression is upregulated in unesterified cholesterol-enriched macrophages through activation of the PI(3)K signal pathway (Shiner 2007)
  • having protective effects against prooxidant stimuli in the small intestine (Levy 2007)
  • attenuated macrophage triglyceride accumulation via inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase
  • having a lactonase activity that may play a role in innate immunity, atherosclerosis (Stoltz 2009)
  • effectively rescues PARK7 deficiency-mediated hypersensitivity to oxidative stress
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • is an interacting target of PARK7 (PON2 activity is elevated in response to oxidative stress and PARK7 is crucial for this response)
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
  • to coronary heart disease
  • to nephropathy in diabetes type 2
  • to Alzheimer disease (AD)
  • to severe cases of ischemic stroke
  • Variant & Polymorphism other
  • PON2 311C allele alters PON2 lactonase activity and is a possible predisposing factor for severe cases of ischemic stroke (Lazaros 2009)
  • multiple variants in PON influence serum paraoxonase activity, and low serum paraoxonase activity is a risk factor for AD
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS