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FLASH GENE
Symbol PLXNA1 contributors: mct - updated : 19-01-2022
HGNC name plexin A1
HGNC id 9099
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 48.80 kb     31 Exon(s)
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
31 - 9071 211.06 1896 - 1999 10520995
EXPRESSION
Type
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestivepancreas exocrine   moderately
Nervousnervecranial nerveoculomotor nerve highly Homo sapiens
Reproductivefemale systemovary  moderately
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
Skin/Tegumentskin   moderately
Urinarybladder   highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectivebone  highly
Muscular   moderately
Nervouscentral    Homo sapiensFetal
Nervousperipherous    Homo sapiensFetal
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervousneuron Homo sapiensFetal
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period fetal, pregnancy
Text
  • in migrating cranial neural crest cells
  • PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • a Sema domain
  • four IPT/TIG domains
  • a large distinctive cytoplasmic domain required for the activation of down- stream signaling events in the cytoplasm
  • cytoplasmic tail interacts directly with activated AKT1
  • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Plxna1 (96.4 pc)
    intraspecies homolog to the hepatocyte growth factor receptor family
    paralog to PLXNA3 (72 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule family
  • plexin family
  • CATEGORY receptor membrane
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    text
  • single-pass type I membrane protein
  • basic FUNCTION
  • acting as a coreceptor for SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F and SEMA6D
  • being necessary for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodelling of the cytoskeleton
  • playing a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration
  • modulating the affinity of a complex composed of a neuropilin and a plexin for specific semaphorins
  • implicated in dendritic cell function in the immune system
  • proprioceptive sensory axon-specific receptor for SEMA6C and SEMA6D, which are expressed in a dynamic pattern in the dorsal horn of spinal cord
  • role for PLXNA1-mediated axonal exclusion in organizing the projection pattern of spinal sensory afferents
  • may play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma, and be related to tumor angiogenesis and proliferation
  • principal receptor component for class III and class VI semaphorins, and crucially involved in the entry of dendritic cells (DCs) into the lymphatics
  • required for neural crest migration and suggest that it may cooperate with PTK7 to affect neural crest migration
  • PLXNA1, PLXNA4 are required simultaneously for transduction of inhibitory SEMA3A signals and that they form complexes
  • requirement for NRP1 and PLXNA1 in dendrite polarization occurs at a developmental time point after the cells have already extended their basally directed axon
  • is a neuronal receptor protein that facilitates axon guidance during embryogenesis
  • likely crucial involvement of PLXNA1 in the midline crossing of callosal axons during CC development
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell communication
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacting directly with NRP1 and NRP2
  • interacting with FARP2, RND1 and KDR/VEGFR2
  • binding of SEMA3A leads to dissociation of FARP2
  • associates with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem-2), linking semaphorin-signalling to the immuno-receptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adaptor protein, TYROBP
  • interacts with PTK7 and is required for neural crest migration
  • interacting with HLX (HLX strongly increased the transcripts for several repulsive cell-guidance proteins including UNC5B, PLXNA1, and SEMA3G)
  • VAMP2 associated with Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and PLXNA1, two essential components of the SEMA3A receptor, via its juxtatransmembrane domain
  • interacts with the Neuropilin-1/PLXNA1 complex and colocalizes with PLXNA1 along dendritic shafts
  • PLXNA1 mediates both Semaphorin and Slit signaling, and Slit processing generates two active fragments, each exerting distinct effects through specific receptors
  • PLXNA1 functions as the signal-transducing subunit of receptors for SEMA3A and displays GAP activity for RAP1 GTPases
  • SEMA3A binds its receptors neuropilin NRP1 or NRP2 to position these axons for correct GnRH neuron migration, with an additional role for the NRP co-receptor PLXNA1
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by AKT1 (acts upstream of Plexin-A1 during semaphoring-induced collapse, to regulate the activity of the receptor)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional germinal mutation      
    in developmental delay who developed parkinsonism
    Susceptibility to anosmic but also normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)
    Variant & Polymorphism other
  • PLXNA1 variants cause not only anosmic but also normosmic IHH
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS