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FLASH GENE
Symbol S100A12 contributors: mct - updated : 02-06-2017
HGNC name S100 calcium binding protein A12 (calgranulin C)
HGNC id 10489
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
STRUCTURE 1.89 kb     3 Exon(s)
Genomic sequence alignment details
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
3 - 466 - 92 - -
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart    
Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon  
Lymphoid/Immunespleen    
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
Connectiveadipose   
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood/Hematopoieticgranulocyte
Blood/Hematopoieticneutrophil Homo sapiens
Lymphoid/Immunemacrophage Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • two calcium binding domains with an EF-hand motif
  • one S100 specific Nter, one classical Cter, IcaBP type calcium binding protein
  • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    intraspecies homolog to S100A9
    Homologene
    FAMILY S100 protein family
    CATEGORY chaperone/stress , signaling
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,granule
    intracellular,nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • may be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities
  • specific calcium dependent signal transduction
  • potent monocyte chemoattractant involved in the regulation of neutrophils activation
  • playing a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
  • may have a chaperone/antichaperone-like function which is Ca2+-dependent
  • may be involved in the pathophysiology of acute vasculitis (Kawasaki disease)
  • potential role for pro-inflammatory S100A9 and S100A12 in pathogenesis caused by inflammation and protein complex formation in Alzheimer disease (AD)
  • is an important factor in host/parasite defenses and in the inflammatory response
  • role of S100A12 in the cross talk between zinc and calcium in cell signaling
  • S100A12 expression is sufficient to activate pathogenic pathways through the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular remodeling
  • besides RAGE scavenger receptors contribute to distribution, tissue association and elimination of circulating proinflammatory S100A12
  • vascular smooth muscle S100A12 accelerates atherosclerosis and augments atherosclerosis-triggered osteogenesis, reminiscent of features associated with plaque instability
  • possible involvement of S100A12 in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) by up-regulating MMP13 and VEGFA via MAPK14 and NFKB1 pathways
  • RETN, S100A12 and AGER are involved in the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease (KD)
  • is a pro-inflammatory protein expressed in neutrophils whose structure and function are modulated by both Ca(2+) and Zn(2+)
  • might participate in the damage of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)5)
  • S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) and S100A12 proinflammatory mediators are found at inflammatory sites and in the serum of patients with inflammatory or autoimmune diseases
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding,
  • calcium Ca2+
  • S100A12 is a small calcium binding protein that is a ligand of AGER
  • binds both zinc and copper and is highly abundant in innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils
  • protein
  • S100A12, S100A8, S100A9 has no direct effect on cholesterol efflux in macrophages, but rather promotes the secretion of IL22, which then directly reduces cholesterol efflux in macrophages by decreasing the expression of ABCG1
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    in inflammatory bowel disease
    constitutional     --over  
    during the acute stage of Kawasaki disease
    Susceptibility
  • to rheumatoid arhritis
  • psoriasis
  • Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • mRNA expression of S100A12 and AGER might be as a useful biomarker for Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
  • regular measurements of fecal S100A12 levels reliably detect inflammatory bowel disease relapse at an early stage, which makes the test a promising noninvasive tool for monitoring and optimizing therapy
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS