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FLASH GENE
Symbol SORT1 contributors: shn/ - updated : 14-10-2020
HGNC name sortilin 1
HGNC id 11186
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 88.37 kb     20 Exon(s)
Genomic sequence alignment details
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
Map pter - D1S2778 - D1S2792 - SORT1 - D1S2651 - D1S221 - cen
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
20 - 7018 95 831 Cerebral - cortex Pyramidal neurons and glia Hippocampus - Granule cells in the dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in CA1–CA3 Cerebellum - Purkinje cells Retina - Postmitotic retinal ganglion cells PNS - Sympathetic neurons and dorsal root ganglia 2009 19002190
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestivesalivary gland   highly Homo sapiensFetal
Endocrinepancreas   moderately Homo sapiensFetal
 thyroid   highly
Nervousbrain   highly Mus musculusFetal
 spinal cord   highly
Reproductivefemale systemplacenta  highly
Respiratorylung   lowly Homo sapiensFetal
Urinarykidney   moderately Homo sapiensFetal
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Muscularstriatumskeletal highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period embryo, pregnancy
Text placenta
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N terminal furin cleavage site immediately preceding the N terminus luminal region determined in the purified protein
  • VPS10 domain
  • a transmembrane domain
  • C terminal intracellular domain
  • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Sort1, Rattus norvegicus
    ortholog to Sort1, Mus musculus
    ortholog to SORT1, Pan troglodytes
    ortholog to sort1l, Danio rerio
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • Vps10p-domain receptor family
  • CATEGORY signaling hormone , receptor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    text trans Golgi network
    basic FUNCTION
  • involved in endosomal protein sorting, acting as a receptor for neurotensin and as a clearance receptor on the cell surface
  • playing an essential role for NGFB-induced neuronal cell death
  • having distinct roles in pro-neurotrophin induced apoptotic signaling in pathological conditions, but also in specific stages of neuronal development and aging
  • having physiological role as a death-inducing pathway in the central and peripheral nervous system
  • functioning as an alternative sorting receptor to the M6PR for these soluble hydrolases
  • acts as a co-receptor and molecular switch governing the p75NTR-mediated pro-apoptotic signal induced by proNGF
  • essential, but also sufficient for biogenesis of GSVs and acquisition of insulin responsiveness in adipose cells
  • sortilin pathway has distinct roles in pro-neurotrophin-induced apoptotic signaling in pathological conditions, but also in specific stages of neuronal development and aging
  • involved in development of the insulin-responsive glucose transport system in myocytes and directly involved in muscle differentiation via modulation of proNGF-p75NTR
  • regulator of neuronal viability and function through the regulation of both protein transport and signal transduction
  • binds apolipoproteins and potentially modulates lipoprotein metabolism, which might also affect neuronal function
  • important regulator of GRN levels
  • facilitates the signaling of all helical type 1 cytokines, which engage the IL6ST/LIF receptor complex
  • new function for sortilin as a modulator of BACE1 retrograde trafficking and subsequent generation of Abeta
  • transports BACE1 from the endosome to the TGN
  • plays a unique role in regulating BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP through regulating the subcellular distribution of BACE1
  • SORT1 seems to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease and have functions beyond regulating LDL-cholesterol
  • is a key regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) calcification via its recruitment to extracellular vesicles
  • functions of SORT1 and SORCS2 during the establishment of neuronal structures and connections
  • SORT1 has been shown to act as a receptor, as a co-receptor and as an intra- and extracellular trafficking regulator
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS cellular trafficking transport
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ARF-binding (GGA)
  • the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein
  • Receptor-associated protein (RAP)
  • binds and mediates degradation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
  • pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF)
  • interacting with CNTF (CNTF, and related ligands targeting CNTFR{alpha}, binds to sortilin with high affinity
  • interacts with BACE1 and a sortilin construct lacking its cytoplasmic domain, which contains putative retromer sorting motifs, remains bound to BACE1
  • GRN regulates neuronal outgrowth independent of SORT1
  • new role for SORCS1 as a modulator of SORT1 function
  • binds to the receptor DLK1, an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation, and the overexpression of sortilin prevents DLK1 downregulation, leading to enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis
  • liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a novel SORT1-interacting protein
  • SORT1 may regulate CES1 lysosomal targeting and degradation and SORT1 deficiency resulted in higher liver CES1 protein abundance
  • SORT1 is the neuronal receptor for granulin, encoded by the progranulin gene (GRN)
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) ETM7
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    age-down regulated in the frontal cortex
    constitutional     --over  
    suppressed endothelial cell tube formation and modulated major angiogenic factor and MMP9 expression, implying SORT1 involvement in moyamoya disease (MMD) pathogenesis
    Susceptibility
  • associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides
  • to myocardial infarction
  • to frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
  • to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
  • Variant & Polymorphism other
  • strongly associated with both plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and myocardial infarction
  • common noncoding polymorphism at the 1p13 locus, rs12740374, creates a C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) transcription factor binding site and alters the hepatic expression of the SORT1, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction
  • rare nonsynonymous variants in SORT1 are associated with increased risk for frontotemporal dementia
  • rs599839 G allele associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
  • DNA methylation status at the SORT1 promoter CpG site may be a potential biomarker for moyamoya disease (MMD)
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    digestiveliver 
    therapeutic inhibition of SORT1 may be beneficial in improving hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • SORT1-knockout mice have reduced levels of neuronal apoptosis in the developing retina, are protected against agedependent degeneration of sympathetic neurons and are
  • rescued from axotomy-induced death of corticospinal motor neurons
  • overexpression in mouse liver, we demonstrate that Sort1 alters plasma LDL-C and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle levels by modulating hepatic VLDL secretion