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FLASH GENE
Symbol P2RX7 contributors: mct - updated : 18-11-2017
HGNC name purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7
HGNC id 8537
Location 12q24.31      Physical location : 121.570.621 - 121.624.353
Synonym name
  • ATP receptor
  • P2X purinoceptor 7
  • purinergic receptor P2X7
  • Synonym symbol(s) P2X7, MGC20089, P2X7R
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 53.18 kb     13 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
    Map cen - D12S366 - RPLP0 - D12S349 - D12S321 - P2RX4 - P2RX7 - EIF2B1 - D12S342 - D12S340 - qter
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    13 splicing 3155 - 595 - 2007 17032903
    - splicing 1872 - 364 - 2005 15896293
    lacking the entire cytoplasmic tail
    - splicing 1799 - 128 - 2005 15896293
    - splicing 1691 - 425 - 2005 15896293
    - splicing 1605 - 275 - 2005 15896293
    - splicing 1578 - 306 - 2005 15896293
    - splicing 2011 - 274 - 2005 15896293
    - splicing 1927 - 505 - 2005 15896293
    lacking the first transmembrane domain
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Endocrinepancreas     Homo sapiens
    Hearing/Equilibriumearinner    Homo sapiens
    Lymphoid/Immune    highly Homo sapiens
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Lymphoid/Immunemacrophage Homo sapiens
    Nervousastrocyte Homo sapiens
    Nervousneuron
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • short intracellular N-terminal tail
  • two transmembrane segments (TM1 and TM2) connected by a large ectodomains supporting agonist/antagonist binding, and the second transmembrane domain of P2RX7 contributes to dilated pore formation
  • a large extracellular loop, with a extracellular region surrounding the N187 glycosylation site that is critical for receptor function
  • C-terminal cytosolic domain, long C-terminal end proposed to be responsible for most of the specific biophysical properties of the P2X7R with numerous functions such as connecting the receptor to structures responsible for the large pore formation
  • a 18-AAs domain rich in cysteines in the juxtamembrane C terminus, conserved in all P2X7R orthologs, critical for the general process of current facilitation , and distal C-terminus important for oligomerization and post-translational modification of the receptor, providing a mechanism by which mutations in the trafficking domain disrupt P2RX7 activity and localization at the plasma membrane
  • mono polymer homomer , heteromer , polymer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus P2rx7 (80,17 pc)
    homolog to murine P2rx7 (80,67 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • P2X receptor family
  • CATEGORY receptor membrane , transport
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nuclear envelope,int
    basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in ATP dependent lysis of macrophages and antigen-presenting cells
  • playing a role in pathogenesis of chromic lymphocytic leukemia
  • mediates the NADH transport into astrocytes
  • implicated in ATP secretion from glial cells during Ca2+ wave propagation
  • ATP-gated calcium-permeable cationic channels structurally unique among the P2X family by their much longer intracellular C-terminal tail
  • display a Ca2+-independent facilitation that is responsible for a reduced activation of the receptor
  • plays crucial roles in immune cells initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process through the release of cytokines from the interleukin-1 family
  • is essential to fundamental aspects of the innate immune response
  • has a major role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity and changes in receptor function may therefore affect bone mass
  • its activation-triggered Ca(2+) entry and mitochondrial dysfunction played important roles in the ATP-induced neuronal death
  • P2RX7 is important regulator of pancreatic stem cells proliferation and death
  • mediate an anticancer effect via apoptosis in different types of cancer
  • ATP-gated cation channel that promotes microglia activation and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease
  • P2RX7 activation regulates microglial cell death during oxygen-glucose deprivation
  • play a critical role in regulation of the engulfing activity of resting astrocytes
  • role of P2X7R expressed by resting astrocytes in the innate immune system of the CNS
  • nonselective cation channel that is activated by extracellular ATP and triggers the secretion of several proinflammatory substances, such as IL1B, IL18, TNF, and nitric oxide
  • participates in inflammation and pain mechanisms
  • in neurohypophysial terminals, having a role in arginine-vasopressin secretion
  • mediate resistance to toxin-induced cell lysis
  • activates several intracellular signaling cascades, such as the calmodulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospholipase D pathways
  • activation of P2RX7 could likely play an important role in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment in conditions where DEF103B is highly expressed, such as psoriasis or oral carcinoma
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, cell death/apoptosis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacting with PANX1
  • EZR interacts with P2RX7
  • SP1 is a key element in the transcriptional regulation of P2RX7 in the nervous system
  • P2RX7 activation induces the rapid shedding of CXCL16 and this process involves ADAM10
  • ENTPD1 is a negative regulator of P2RX7-mediated inflammatory cell death in mast cells
  • CAV1 regulates P2RX7 signaling in osteoblasts
  • PANX1 is involved in chronic pain signaling by interacting with NMDAR in neurons and with P2RX7 in glia
  • TET1 and TET2 play a critical role in maintaining bone marrow MSCs and bone homeostasis through demethylation of P2RX7 to control exosome and miRNA release
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)
    Other regulation by N-linked glycosylation is potentially essential for P2RX7 function
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral   LOH    
    in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Susceptibility
  • to bipolar disorder
  • to major depressive disorder
  • to extrapulmonary tuberculosis
  • to post-menopausal bone loss and vertebral fractures
  • Variant & Polymorphism SNP
  • C(1513)A prognostic marker in CLL
  • SNP (rs2230912), associated with bipolar disorder, was significantly associated with major depressive disorder
  • 1513C allele was strongly associated with extrapulmonary, but not pulmonary tuberculosis (this defect is associated with the reduction in the capacity of macrophages to kill M. tuberculosis)
  • association between variants that reduce P2RX7 function and increased rate of bone loss
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    neurologyacquired 
    inhibition of PX2R7 and PANX1 may be therapeutic in spinal cord inflammation
    psychiatry  
    drug target in affective disorder
    immunologyinflammatory 
    attractive therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases
    miscelleaneouspain 
    potential therapeutic applications of the P2X7 receptor antagonists in inflammation and pain
    diabete  
    might be potential targets for treatments of pancreatic fibrosis
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS