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FLASH GENE
Symbol ROCK2 contributors: mct - updated : 12-04-2014
HGNC name Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2
HGNC id 10252
Location 2p25.1      Physical location : 11.321.777 - 11.484.711
Synonym name
  • serine/threonine kinase ROCK2/rho kinase 2
  • p164 ROCK-2
  • Rho kinase 2
  • Synonym symbol(s) KIAA0619, ROCKalpha, ROCKII
    EC.number 2.7.11.1
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 162.93 kb     33 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    Map pter - D2S359 - ROCK2 -ODC1 - RRM2 - D2S287 - cen
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    33 - 6401 161 1388 - 2007 17596509
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart   moderately
     vessel   highly
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
     intestinesmall intestine  moderately
    Endocrinethyroid   moderately
    Lymphoid/Immunelymph node   highly
    Nervousnerve   highly
    Reproductivefemale systemuterus  moderately
    Visualeye   moderately
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow  moderately
    Connectiveadipose  highly
    Epithelialbarrier/lining   
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain
  • an AGC-kinase C-terminal domain
  • a REM (Hr1) repeat
  • a PH domain
  • a phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger
  • C-terminus acting as a coincidence detector for spatial regulatory signal
  • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Rock2 (96.4 pc)
    homolog to murine Rock2 (96.6 pc)
    intraspecies homolog to ROCK1
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • protein kinase superfamily
  • AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family
  • CATEGORY regulatory , structural protein
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule,centrosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule,mitotic spindle
    intracellular,nucleus
    text actin cytoskeleton
    basic FUNCTION
  • phosphorylating a large number of important signaling proteins
  • regulating the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton
  • promoting formation of stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes
  • playing a role in smooth muscle contraction
  • plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis
  • key factor in regulation of motility/invasion of breast cancer cells
  • playing a central role in the disassembly of apical junctional complex in epithelial cells
  • plays important roles in many cellular processes, including signal transduction, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization
  • ROCK1 and ROCK2 play distinct roles in regulating keratinocyte adhesion and terminal differentiation
  • ROCK1 and ROCK2 have distinct and separate roles in adhesion complex assembly and turnover in epidermal keratinocytes
  • ROCK1, ROCK2 are necessary for acquisition of elongated and geometric cell shape, two key events for epithelial differentiation
  • ROCK1 and ROCK2, negatively regulate CD1D-mediated Ag presentation
  • ROCK2-mediated intrinsic rhythm of vascular contractility may underlie the diurnal variation of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases
  • ROCK2 is required for stabilizing actin cytoskeleton through regulating cofilin phosphorylation
  • ROCK1 and ROCK2, are involved in stress fiber assembly and cell adhesion and are assumed to be functionally redundant
  • is required for stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion
  • important role for RHOA-ROCK2 signaling to maintain apico-basal polarity in retinal progenitor cells, which is essential for subsequent cellular differentiation, morphology and eventually organ function
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • complex consisting of BRCA2, NPM, and ROCK2 maintains . the numerical integrity of centrosomes and accurate cell division and dysfunction of this regulation might be involved in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer
  • SORL1 and ROCK2 form a stable complex in human cells and tissues
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding, nucleotide,
  • ATP
  • Zn2+
  • protein
  • binding to RHOA (activated by GTP binding)
  • binding to IRS1, RHOB and RHOC
  • with ARHGEF11 and PTK2, cooperate to regulate adhesion movement and trailing-edge retraction in fibroblasts
  • dynamically associate with OLR1 in the presence of Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL)
  • RHOA and RHOC are both required for the ROCK2-dependent promotion of centrosome duplication
  • interacting with SORL1 (ROCK2 may phosphorylate SORL1, and increases SORL1 ectodomain shedding)
  • PTPN11 acts via ROCK2 to regulate the cardiac actin cytoskeleton
  • ROCK1 and ROCK2 could promote vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation through ERK nuclear translocation, regulating the expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 protein
  • ARHGEF18 is a key regulator of RHOA-ROCK2 signaling that is crucial for maintenance of polarity in the vertebrate retinal epithelium
  • ROCK2 is a target of junctional PTK7-SRC signaling
  • CDKN3 binds and activates ROCK2 (RNA-mediated downregulation of CDKN3 leads to decreased ROCK2 activity and this, in turn, increases RAC1-mediated invasion)
  • MEF2D and ROCK2 are RBFOX2 splicing targets
  • ROCK2, PLK2 and PLK4 are all essential for centrosomes to re-duplicate in the cells arrested by exposure to DNA synthesis inhibitor
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by RHOA binding
    repressed by PTPN11, that mediates dephosphorylation of ROCK2 and, therefore, regulates RhoA-induced cell rounding
    Other kinase activity requires association between the hydrophobic motif of ROCK2 with the N-terminal extension
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • up-regulation of Fhl2 may contribute to the antihypertrophic phenotype that is observed in cardiac-specific Rock2-deficient mice