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FLASH GENE
Symbol NINJ1 contributors: mct/npt/shn - updated : 03-07-2018
HGNC name ninjurin 1
HGNC id 7824
Location 9q22.31      Physical location : 95.883.771 - 95.896.570
Synonym name nerve injury-induced protein-1
Synonym symbol(s) NIN1, NINJURIN
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 12.82 kb     4 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
Map cen - D9S1781 - D9S1841 - NINJ1 - D9S1803 - D9S197 - qter
Authors Blair (98)
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
4 - 1297 17 152 - 2017 28373430
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
 intestinesmall intestine  highly
 liver   highly
Endocrinepancreas   highly
Lymphoid/Immunespleen   highly
 thymus   lowly
Nervousbrain     Homo sapiens
Reproductivefemale systemovary  highly
 female systemplacenta  moderately
 male systemprostate  highly
 male systemtestis  highly
Respiratorylung   moderately
Urinarykidney   lowly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood / hematopoieticplasma  highly Homo sapiens
Nervouscentral    Homo sapiens
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period embryo
Text epithelial tissue
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N-terminal (1–71 aa) ectodomain
  • two transmembrane domains (72–100 aa and 111–138 aa),
  • an intercellular region (101–110 aa)
  • a domain for ninjurin-mediated homophilic adhesion
  • C-terminal (139–152 aa) ectodomain
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Ninj1, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Ninj1, Rattus norvegicus
    homolog to LOC100333346, Danio rerio
    ortholog to NINJ1, Pan troglodytes
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • Ninjurin family proteins
  • CATEGORY adhesion
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
    basic FUNCTION
  • promoting axonal growth
  • adhesion molecule involved in nerve regeneration in leprosy
  • may be involved in the regulation of cellular senescence in the liver during carcinogenesis
  • has an important role in vascular regression mediated by macrophages during early eye development and in vascular homeostasis (Lee et al, 2009)
  • important cell-specific role for NINJ1 in the transmigration of inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs) across the BBB, suggesting the importance of myeloid cell recruitment during the development of neuroinflammatory lesions
  • adhesion molecule promoting leukocyte trafficking under inflammatory conditions
  • homophilic adhesion molecule and involved in nerve regeneration
  • enhances macrophage motility and consequent extravasation of immune cells through the regulation of protrusive membrane dynamics
  • is a novel regulator for the angiogenic effect of PCs (pericytes), and negatively regulates the formation of neovessels, that is, the endothelial cells-tube, by reducing the trophic effects of capillary pericytes (cPCs)
  • involved in macrophage migration and adhesion during inflammation
  • cell surface protein known as a homophilic adhesion molecule
  • adhesion molecule that not only contributes to inflammation but also regulates the apoptosis of endothelial cells
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS development , nervous system
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • assembles into a homomeric protein complex and N-glycosylation is a prerequisite for NINJ1 homomer assembly
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • MMP9 cleaved NINJ1 in between Leu56 and Leu57 on its N-terminal ectodomain
  • as a membrane adhesion molecule, NINJ1 is an ideal target to regulate TP53 activity via the TP53-NINJ1 loop
  • regulates likely the lipopolysaccharide (LPS-induced inflammatory response through its direct binding to LPS
  • NINJ1 is a target of TP53 and forms a feedback loop with TP53 by repressing TP53 mRNA translation
  • depending on TP53 genetic status, NINJ1 has two opposing functions in tumorigenesis and that the NINJ1-TP53 loop may be targeted to manage inflammatory diseases and cancer
  • cell & other
  • Ninj1-expressing macrophages closely interact with hyaloid vascular endothelial cells (Lee et al, 2009)
  • REGULATION
    induced by up-regulated after nerve injury both in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and in Schwann cells (Araki et al, 1997)
    Other temporally increased in macrophages during regression of hyaloid vascular system (Lee et al, 2009)
    transcriptionally regulated by TP53 and can be induced by DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in hepatocellular carcinoma
    tumoral     --over  
    in circulating prostate tumor cells
    Susceptibility to leprosy nerve damage
    Variant & Polymorphism SNP asp110ala single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with protection in leprosy nerve damage
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    diabetetype 1 
    potential therapeutic target for preventing endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
    immunologyinflammatory 
    is a putative target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and inflammation-associated carcinogenesis
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS