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FLASH GENE
Symbol ARHGAP21 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 07-07-2014
HGNC name Rho GTPase activating protein 21
HGNC id 23725
Location 10p12.2      Physical location : 24.872.537 - 25.012.597
Synonym name Rho-GTPase activating protein 10
Synonym symbol(s) KIAA1424, ARHGAP10, FLJ33323, FLJ90108
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE head to head
STRUCTURE 140.06 kb     26 Exon(s)
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
26 - 7185 217 1958 - 2007 17347647
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Hearing/Equilibriumear   highly
Nervousbrain    
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow  highly
Muscularstriatumcardiac highly
Muscularstriatumskeletal highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period fetal
Text liver, brain
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • one RHO-GAP domain.
  • a zinc-dependent phorbol-ester and DAG binding domain
  • two small GTPase-binding motifs
  • a PDZ, a pleckstrin homology (PH)
  • the PH domain and the alpha helical motif, can combine to create a novel mode of binding to Arfs
  • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • Rho family GTPase
  • CATEGORY regulatory , signaling
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane,junction
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,vesicle
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • recruited from the nuclei and myofilaments to costameres, Z-lines, and intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes after pressure overload
  • localizes to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and perinuclear region of the cells depending on the cell type
  • ARHGAP21 co-localizes with SUMO2/3 in the cytoplasm and membrane compartments
  • transiently localizes to actin structures at cell-cell junctions during cell-cell junction formation, where it interacts with CDC42
  • basic FUNCTION
  • involved in intracellular signaling cascade and in cell differentiation
  • controls the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin dynamics at the Golgi complex by regulating the activity of the small GTPase Cdc42
  • may act as a signaling or scaffold protein of PTK2 and PRKCZ signaling pathways, developing an important function during cardiac stress
  • may play a crucial role in the signaling cascade activated by cardiac hypertrophic stimuli
  • modulated by mechanical stimuli and can develop an important role during cardiac stress and early hypertrophy
  • ARHGAP21 might act as a tumor suppressor gene, but also might be a master regulator of migration having a crucial role in controlling the progression of different tumor types
  • acting as a signaling molecule or scaffold protein, orchestrating the CTNNA/PTK2/PRKCZ signaling pathway
  • is an important Rho-GAP for CDC42 involved in vesicle trafficking and focal adhesion kinase activity
  • participates in cell-cell adhesion formation and cellular migration
  • is a Rho-GAP involved in cell-cell junction remodeling and ARHGAP21 affects migration and EMT through TUBA1B interaction and acetylation
  • associates with and regulates microtubules, which suggests that this protein may play fundamental roles in development and cancer progression
  • concerted action of ARF1, ARHGAP21, and CDC42 to regulate fluid phase endocytosis
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • recruited to the Golgi by binding to another small GTPase, ARF1
  • interacts with ARF1, ARF6, and CTNNA, important proteins in cytoskeleton and adherent junctions
  • interacting with PTK2 (promotes relocation to Z-lines, intercalated disks, and costameres)
  • interacts with the C-terminal region of Focal Adhesion Kinase (PTK2)
  • dynein and microtubule-dependent Golgi positioning is regulated by ARF1-, coatomer-, and ARHGAP21-dependent CDC42 signaling
  • ARHGAP21 presented GAP activity for RHOA and RHOC and induced changes in cell morphology
  • negative regulator of Rho-GTPases, particularly CDC42
  • interacts and modulates TUBA1B acetylation, and is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (probably affects TUBA1B acetylation through tubulin organization or stabilization, not through this deacetylase)
  • action of ARF1, ARHGAP21, and CDC42 to regulate fluid phase endocytosis
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other SUMOylation of ARHGAP21 may represent a way of guiding its functio
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS