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FLASH GENE
Symbol LRRC32 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 26-08-2020
HGNC name leucine rich repeat containing 32
HGNC id 4161
Location 11q13.5      Physical location : 76.368.568 - 76.381.791
Synonym name
  • garpin
  • glycoprotein A repetitions predominant
  • Synonym symbol(s) D11S833E, GARP
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 13.22 kb     3 Exon(s)
    regulatory sequence Promoter
    text structure
  • transcription of LRRC32 in regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) is tightly regulated by two alternative promoters
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
    Map cen - D11S97 - D11S146 - BCL1 /CCND1 - FGF4 - FGF3 - TOF2 - TOF1 - CTTN - D11S971 - D11S4139 - D11S4270 - KRTAP5-9 - NUMA1 - D11S1754 - FOLR1 - ART2P - D11S353 - D11S916 - D11S534 - D11S1321 - D11S352 - LRRC32 ,EVR1 ,USH1B ,DFNB2 ,D11S533 - D11S911 - D11S906 - D11S360 - ETS1 - qter
    Authors Bekri (98), SCW11.6
    regionally located located in the same region than FGF and TYR
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text
  • transcription of LRRC32 in regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) is tightly regulated by two alternative promoters; an intragenic promoter contains several CpGs and acts as a weak promoter that is demethylated and initiates transcription Treg-specifically (PMID: 26584734)
  • identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    4 - 2702 - 662 - 2018 30361387
    3 - 4327 - 662 - 2018 30361387
    2 - 4119 - 552 - 2018 30361387
    3 - 733 - 44 - 2018 30361387
    4 - 2659 - 662 - 2018 30361387
    3 - 4207 - 662 - 2018 30361387
    3 - 4273 - 640 - 2018 30361387
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart    
    Digestiveliver   highly
    Endocrinepancreas   highly
    Lymphoid/Immunethymus   highly
    Respiratorylung    
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticplatelet Homo sapiens
    Lymphoid/ImmuneT cell Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period pregnancy
    Text placenta
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • transmembrane protein with an extracellular region composed primarily of 20 leucine-rich repeats
  • a short intracytoplasmic region
  • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Garp
    ortholog to Drosophila gapdh2
    C.elegans gpd3
    homolog to C.elegans f10f2.4
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    text
  • type I membrane protein
  • within T cells is specifically expressed in T(regulator) activated through the T cell receptor (TCR)(Wang 2008)
  • basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in protein-protein interactions and signal transduction
  • playing a role in hibernoma pathogenesis
  • may be involved in platelet-endothelium interactions
  • highly specific molecule for activated Tregs (T regulators), which could play an important role in their identification and function (Wang 2009)
  • might bind and anchor latent TGFB and is critical for the surface expression of latent TGFB by binding to the complex and functioning as its cell surface receptor (Tran 2009)
  • involved in the important pathway of TGFB regulation of morphogenesis, immune homeostasis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling (Tran 2009)
  • essential molecule for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) biology, regulating their immunomodulatory and proliferative activities
  • soluble GARP acting likely as immune modulator
  • involved in TGFB1 activation by regulatory T cells (Treg), a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes specialized in suppression of immune responses
  • LRRC32 expression on immune and non-immune cells is involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance, and it plays an important role in preventing inflammatory diseases such as allergy and graft versus host disease
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • associates with latent TGFB intracellularly and transports it to the cell surface via the Golgi apparatus (Tran 2009)
  • is a latent TGFB1-binding protein that functions in regulating the bioavailability and activation of TGFB1
  • LRRC32 expression appears to alter the surface expression of activation markers of T cells such as SELL
  • LRRC32 and NRROS, bind and anchor latent TGFB1 to the cell surface for TGFB1 activation
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional   deletion    
    in hibernoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
  • candidate disease-associated gene in humans with defects in palatogenesis and retinal development
  • Marker
  • expression of LRRC32 can be a highly relevant biomarker to better identify Tregs in human diseases with high immune activation, such as HIV infection, or at sites of inflammation (Wang 2009)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) marker
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Garp-null mice have palate defects and die within 24 h after birth