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FLASH GENE

Symbol

PPM1G

contributors: mct - updated : 16-05-2015

HGNC name	protein phosphatase 1G (formerly 2C), magnesium-dependent, gamma isoform
HGNC id	9278

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	2p23.3      Physical location : 27.604.061 - 27.632.496
Synonym name	protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform
Synonym symbol(s)	FIN13, PPP2CG, PPP2C gamma, PP2CG, PP2Cgamma
EC.number	3.1.3.16

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	28.48 kb     12 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

motif	Viral sequence   long terminal repeat
text structure	specific HERV-K LTR within intron1 and 5

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

confirmed

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

text	alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_177983 10 splicing 2265 NP_817092 59 546 - 2006 17074886 encoding the same protein than variant 2 differing in the 5' UTR compared to variant 2 variant 2 - splicing 2165 59 546 - 2006 17074886 11 exons encoding the same protein than variant 1 differing in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       highly   vessel       highly Digestive esophagus       predominantly   liver       highly Lymphoid/Immune thymus       highly   tonsils       highly Reproductive male system testis     highly Skin/Tegument skin       highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / hematopoietic bone marrow     highly Muscular striatum skeletal

cell lineage
cell lines	proliferating cells
fluid/secretion	moderately in blood

at STAGE

physiological period

fetal

Text	highly in umbilical cord

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES		acid
STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	putative PEST sequences
	numerous potential sites for phosphorylation
	a possible myristylation site
	a distinctive acidic domain, essential for its activity in splicing and interacting with YBX1, a spliceosome-associated factor

conjugated

PhosphoP

mono polymer

monomer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to rattus Ppm1g (94.8 pc)
	homolog to murine Ppm1g (94.7 pc)

Homologene

FAMILY

PP2C family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	acting as a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatases
	first required-during the early stages of spliceosome assembly for efficient formation of the A complex (activity highly specific)
	inhibiting DNA synthesis
	inhibiting cell cycle progression (cells blocked in G1 and early S phases)
	nuclear localized serine/threonine phosphatase implicated to be a regulator of chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage
	critical role for PPM1G in normal development and cell survival

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell cycle, checkpoint
	nucleotide, RNA splicing

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

text	cell cycle arrest

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

component of splicing-complementing factor-1 (SCF1)

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	metal binding, cofactor,
	two Mg2+ or Mn2+ per subunit

protein	associated with the spliceosome
	interacts with and dephosphorylates the SMN complex
	interplay between PPM1G and STRAP determine compartment-specific phosphorylation patterns, localization, and function of the SMN complex
	involved in dephosphorylation of USP7S, leading to USP7S downregulation, followed by MDM2 downregulation and accumulation of TP53
	PPM1G binds to EIF4EBP1 in cells (PPM1G is a novel regulator of cap-dependent protein translation by negatively controlling the phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1)
	phosphatase PPM1G is a functional switch that controls the balance between monomeric WWP2 and a WWP2/WWP1 heterodimeric state in the cell
	functional E3 ligase complex controlled by PPM1G that differentially regulates cellular TP73 and deltaNp73
	PPM1G phosphatase directly binds RN7SK RNA and the kinase inhibitor HEXIM1 once CCNT1 has been released from the RN7SK snRNP

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by

fibroblast growth factor 4 and serum in late G1 phase

inhibited by

fluoride

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

ppm1g(-/-) mice were embryonic lethal with incomplete penetrance after E12.5