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FLASH GENE

Symbol

GRP

contributors: mct - updated : 31-08-2013

HGNC name	gastrin-releasing peptide
HGNC id	4605

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	18q21.31      Physical location : 56.887.399 - 56.898.000
Synonym name	DNA segment, single copy, probe 302R
	mammalian equivalent of the amphibian tetradecapeptide bombesin
Synonym symbol(s)	D18S95, BN, GRP-10, preproGRP, proGRP

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	10.60 kb     3 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

confirmed

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_002091 3 - 863 NP_002082 - 148 - 2006 16682780 NM_001012512 3 - 842 NP_001012530 - 141 - 2006 16682780 NM_001012513 3 - 844 NP_001012531 - 138 - 2006 16682780

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous brain diencephalon hypothalamus nucleus accumbens   Homo sapiens   ganglia sensory ganglia dorsal root     Homo sapiens Reproductive male system prostate

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous neuron Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

isoforms

Precursor

preproprotein, following cleavage of a signal peptide, is further processed to produce either the 27 aa gastrin-releasing peptide or the 10 aa neuromedin C

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

bombesin/neuromedin B/ranatensin family

CATEGORY

receptor membrane

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION

extracellular

basic FUNCTION	stimulating gastrin release as well as other gastrointestinal hormones
	GRP and GRPR have important oncogenic properties beyond their established mitogenic functions
	GRP-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus may be part of the hypothalamic signaling pathway controlling food intake and energy balance
	plays an important role in regulating tumor growth and migration
	communicates photic phase setting signals in the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) by increasing neurophysiological activity of SCN neurons
	neuropeptide that acts through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in signal transmission in both central and peripheral nervous systems
	triggers neutrophil recruitment both indirectly, through macrophages, as well as directly, binding to GRPR in these cells
	has a selective effect over neutrophils in vivo, inducing their migration through activation of GRPR
	stimulate the proliferation and invasiveness of androgen-independent prostate carcinoma
	could function locally in the dorsal spinal cord in addition to its roles in DRG neurons
	GRP) is a regulatory peptide that acts through its receptor (GRPR) to regulate physiological functions in various organs
	neuropeptide that acts through G protein coupled receptors and is involved in signal transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems
	GRP and GRPR are relevant to the inflammatory response, being a potential therapeutic target several diseases are related to inflammation

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

digestion

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein

PI3K is essential for GRP-induced neutrophil migration

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   in prostate cancer with aggressive phenotype

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS