Selected-GenAtlas references	SOURCE	GeneCards	NCBI Gene	Swiss-Prot	Ensembl
	HGNC	UniGene	Nucleotide	OMIM	UCSC

Home Page

FLASH GENE

Symbol

GADD45B

contributors: shn/mct - updated : 04-01-2015

HGNC name	growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta
HGNC id	4096

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	2.12 kb     4 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

provisional

Map	pter - D19S883 - D19S878 - GADD45B - D19S565 - D19S591 - cen

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_015675.2 4 - 1363 NP_056490 - 160 - 2005 16144844

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       highly Digestive liver       highly Endocrine pancreas       highly Nervous brain       lowly Reproductive female system placenta     highly Respiratory lung       moderately Urinary kidney       highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Muscular striatum skeletal   highly

cell lineage	myeloid
cell lines
fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

DEDDDR residues may be necessary to regulate the G(2)/M checkpoint

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	ortholog to Gadd45b, Rattus norvegicus
	ortholog to Gadd45b, Mus musculus
	ortholog to GADD45B, Pan troglodytes
	ortholog to gadd45b, Danio rerio

Homologene

FAMILY

GADD45 family

CATEGORY

signaling growth factor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	activating MEKK4 and the p38/JNK pathway in response to environmental stress
	implicated in the stress response, cell cycle arrest, genomic stability, DNA repair, apoptosis, adaptive immune response, and DNA 5-methylcytosine excision in cultured cells
	plays an essential role during chondrocyte terminal differentiation
	plays an important role in regulating the cardiac hypertrophy
	required for activity-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes critical for adult neurogenesis
	has an essential role in activity induced, but not basal, proliferation of neural progenitors in the adult dentate gyrus
	important component of the intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells neurons in the retina and, perhaps in the CNS as well
	GADD45A, GADD45B, are important for anti-tumor immune responses
	key player in ischaemia/hypoxia-induced apoptotic cardiomyocyte death
	positive mediator of apoptosis induced by certain cytokines and oncogenes
	gene most strongly induced early during both compensatory regeneration and drug-induced hyperplasia
	role for both GADD45A and GADD45B in myeloid innate immune functions by differential modulation of MAPK14 and MAPK8 signaling in granulocytes compared to macrophages

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, proliferation/growth
	cell life, cell death/apoptosis
	nucleotide, repair
	nucleotide, genomic integrity

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

text	negative control of cell growth

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

enhances COL10A1 transcription via the MTK1/MKK3/6/MAPK14 axis and activation of CEBPB-TAD4 in terminally differentiating chondrocytes

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	mediating activation of stress responsive MEKK4, MAPKKK (MAP3Kx)
	proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) complex and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A)
	essential mediator of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) expression during terminal chondrocyte differentiation
	binds to MAP2K7 directly and blocks its catalytic activity, mediates the inhibition of JNK signaling
	growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma (GADD45GIP1)
	cell cycle-specific kinase cdc2, cyclin B1 kinase (CCNB1) and cdc2/CCNB1 complex
	nuclear hormone receptors RXR alpha, RAR alpha, ER alpha, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta and PPAR gamma2
	growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha (Gadd45A)
	CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1)
	mediates the NF-kappa B suppression of JNK signalling by targeting MKK7/JNKK2
	GADD45B enhances activity of the proximal COL10A1 promoter, which contains evolutionarily conserved AP-1, cAMP-response element, and CEBP half-sites, in synergism with CEBP family members
	direct target for NR1I2, eliciting cell signals to regulate various cellular functions
	spatial regulation of MAPK14 by GADD45B/MAP3K4 negatively regulates the autophagic process
	GADD45 proteins bind the JNK kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MAP2K7) and inhibit its activity, even under normal physiological conditions

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by	multiple cytokines
		stress
		bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) through a Smad1/Runx2-dependent pathway
		electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) (Ma et al 2009)
		induced by light in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Porterfield et al 2007)

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --low   significantly in patients with hypertrophy cardiomyopathy tumoral     --over   in gastric cancer

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cardiovascular atheroma cardiac its inhibition might be of benefit in the treatment of acute ischaemic heart disease

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

	Mice with Gadd45b deletion exhibit specific deficits in neural activity–induced proliferation of neural progenitors and dendritic growth of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus (Ma et al 2009)
	hypertrophic zone of the Gadd45beta(-/-)mouse embryonic growth plate is compressed, and expression of type X collagen (Col10a1) genes is decreased