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FLASH GENE

Symbol

APOBEC2

contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 23-06-2010

HGNC name	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2
HGNC id	605

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	6p21.1      Physical location : 41.020.939 - 41.032.629
Synonym name	probable C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-2
Synonym symbol(s)	ARCD1, ARP1, APOBEC-2
EC.number	3.5.4.-

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE	arranged in tandem
STRUCTURE	11.69 kb     3 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	Binding site
text structure	functional NF-kappaB response elements in the 5' untranslated region of the gene

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_006789 3 - 1643 NP_006780 25.7 224 - 2007 17187054

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

constitutive of

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart         Endocrine pancreas         Nervous nerve

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Muscular striatum skeletal

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a cytidine deaminase motif
	a C terminal leucine rich region

secondary structure

two long alpha-helices of a monomer structure prevent the formation of a square-shaped tetramer and facilitate formation of the rod-shaped tetramer via head-to-head interactions of two APO2 dimers

mono polymer

tetramer

HOMOLOGY

intraspecies

homolog to APOBEC1

Homologene

FAMILY	apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic (APOBEC) polypeptides family
	cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION

basic FUNCTION	RNA-specific cytidine deaminase (probable C to U editing enzyme)
	having a low intrinsic cytidine deaminase activity
	cytidine deaminase interacting with APOBEC1 and A1CF to inhibit apoB mRNA editing, possibly through interaction with other protein components of the apoB RNA editing holoenzyme
	playing a possible role in the pathophysiology of hepatic inflammation
	essential for normal muscle development and maintenance of fiber-type ratios, but its molecular function remains to be identified, biochemical analyses doing not especially argue for any role in RNA editing
	may deaminate a substrate other than a polynucleotide, or the possibility even remains that it might fulfill some structural role without displaying any deaminase activity at all (Sato 2010)
	selective inhibitor of TGFB signaling, regulating left-right axis specification during early embryogenesis

CELLULAR PROCESS

protein, editing

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component	catalytic polypeptide 2 component of mRNA editing enzyme
	forms a rod-shaped tetramer that differs markedly from the square-shaped tetramer of the free nucleotide cytidine deaminase, with which APOBEC proteins share considerable sequence homology

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	cofactor,
	zn2+

protein

interacts and heterodimerizes with both APOBEC1 and APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF)

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by

by TGFB signaling

Other

transcriptionally regulated by NF-kappaB in hepatocytes

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

	Apobec2-deficient mice harbor a markedly increased ratio of slow to fast fibers in soleus muscle and exhibit an &
	8764;15–20p100 reduction in body mass from birth onwards, with elderly mutant animals revealing clear histological evidence of a mild myopathy