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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CXCL14

contributors: npt/mct/pgu - updated : 29-01-2013

HGNC name	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14
HGNC id	10640

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	5q31.1      Physical location : 134.906.372 - 134.914.969
Synonym name	small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys)
	CXC chemokine in breast and kidney member 14 (BRAK)
	bolekine
	small-inducible cytokine B14
Synonym symbol(s)	SCYB14, KS1, Kec, MGC10687, MIP-2g, NJAC, bolekine, UNQ240/PRO273, BMAC, BRAK

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	8.60 kb     4 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	Binding site   transcription factor
text structure	upregulation of CXCL14 was accompanied by differentiation of epithelial cells induced by calcium/calmodulin signaling, and SP1 binding to the promoter region played an important role in this signaling

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_004887 4 - 1989 NP_004878 94.2 111 - 2009 19218429

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       highly Digestive mouth tongue     highly   pharynx       highly Reproductive female system breast     highly Homo sapiens Urinary kidney       highly Homo sapiens Visual eye       highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Epithelial barrier lining epidermis     Epithelial secretory glandular endocrine

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Lymphoid/Immune dendritic cell Nervous Purkinje cell Mus musculus Fetal Skin/Tegument epidermal dendritic cell Skin/Tegument keratinocyte Skin/Tegument mast cell

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

pregnancy

Text

placenta

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	two cysteines separated by a single amino acid
	a unique five amino acid insertion (41VSRYR45) relative to other CXC chemokines (15 AA fragment of CXCL14 in this region are sufficient to induce proteasomal degradation)

secondary structure

disulphide bridges are important in maintaining the structure of this chemokine, but they are not necessary for the biological activity of CXCL14 species

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to murine Cxcl14

Homologene

FAMILY

intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family

CATEGORY

signaling cytokine

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	displaying chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages
	might play a pivotal role in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer, probably by regulating cancer invasion
	fights bacteria at the earliest stage of infection, well before the establishment of inflammation, and thus fulfills a unique role in antimicrobial immunity
	autocrine stimulator of fibroblast growth and migration, with multi-modal tumor-stimulatory activities
	involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages rather than in inflammation
	having suppressive activity toward tumor progression of oral carcinoma
	possesses chemoattractive activity for activated macrophages, immature dendritic cells and natural killer cells
	having ability to stimulate granule cell migration, suggesting that it must be involved in the postnatal maturation of the cerebellum
	negative regulator of growth and metastasis in breast cancer
	monocyte-selective chemokine expressed in all normal tissues, but is also involved in the development of several cancers

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	target of RHOBTB2 and support downregulation of CXCL14 as a functional outcome of RHOBTB2 loss in cancer
	respective stress-dependent action of MAPK14 isoforms is responsible for the up-regulation of the gene expression of the chemokine CXCL14
	CXCL14 binding to glycoproteins harboring heparan sulfate proteoglycans and sialic acids leads proliferation and migration of some cancer cells
	CXCL14 represents, along with CXCR7, molecules that co-evolved with the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis to modulate important physiological processes in development, stem cell maintenance, and immune responses

cell & other

REGULATION

Other

likely to be regulated by progesterone in endometrium

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   in cancer-associated fibroblasts of a majority of prostate cancer tumoral     --over   upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer reproductive breast re-expression or up-regulation of CXCL14 may provide a novel strategy in breast cancer therapy in the future

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS