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FLASH GENE

Symbol

SSTR2

contributors: mct - updated : 15-09-2015

HGNC name	somatostatin receptor 2
HGNC id	11331

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	17q25.1      Physical location : 71.161.159 - 71.168.060
Synonym symbol(s)	SRIF-1, SS2R, SST2

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	6.94 kb     2 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
	Binding site
text structure	E-box binding site
	immediate 5prime-upstream region containing two Sp1 (-54/-45 and -88/-79) and an ATF/CRE (-69/-62) sites provided full promoter activity

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_001050 2 - 2996 NP_001041 41.2 369 - 1999 10604740

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Endocrine pancreas islet of Langerhans     predominantly Homo sapiens Hearing/Equilibrium ear inner cochlea     Mus musculus Fetal Nervous brain limbic system hippocampus     Homo sapiens   brain forebrain cerebral cortex     Homo sapiens   brain hindbrain pons   highly Homo sapiens

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Muscular striatum       Homo sapiens

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Endocrine islet cell (alpha,beta...) Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	seven transmembrane segments (7TM) receptor
	transcription factor binding site

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to murine Smstr2

intraspecies

homolog to SSTR5,SSTR1

Homologene

FAMILY

G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

CATEGORY

signaling hormone , receptor membrane G

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	plasma membrane
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm

basic FUNCTION	involved in growth hormone regulation and cell proliferation
	couple to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
	mediates inhibition of hormone secretion and cell proliferation, and modulates neurotransmission
	its activation results in the recruitment and stable association of beta-arrestin, followed by receptor internalization and intracellular receptor pooling
	participates in the development and maturation of specific neuronal populations during brain ontogenesis
	in response to somatostatin, mediates inhibition of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone release and thus may affect glucose homeostasis
	behaves as a tumor suppressor when expressed and stimulated by its ligand somatostatin in pancreatic cancer
	SSTR1, SSTR2 may have important functional roles in the inner ear
	SSTR2 and SSTR5 are important markers in the regulation and development of Sertoli cell
	whereas SSTR2 might play a primary role in the differentiation and regulation of TSH, LH, and FSH cells, SSTR5 appear to be mainly involved in GH regulation from birth onward
	contributions of GRHL3, SSTR2 and SSTR4 receptors in olfactory processing

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

heterodimerize with SSTR5

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein

SSTR2 plays a crucial role in modulation of ADRB1 and ADRB2 mediated signaling pathways that are associated with increased intracellular Ca(2+) and cardiac complications

cell & other

REGULATION

Other

agonist-selective SSTR2 internalization is regulated by multi-site phosphorylation of its C-terminal tail

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   in pancreatic cancer cells, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tumoral     --over   in T-leukaemia cell lines tumoral     --over   by estrogen in breast cancer cells constitutional       loss of function early loss of function may be associated with the selective vulnerability of the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer disease tumoral     --low   with PLAGL1, are underexpressed in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), compared to somatotropinomas and normal pituitaries tumoral     --low   significantly methylated in Colorectal cancer tissues when compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissues

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	use of liver tissue SSTR2 protein and mRNA is a reliable tumor marker for liver cancer rather than AFP which is always misleading during silent stages of hepatocarcinogenesis
	with CMTM3, and MDFI having a potential role as biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer thyroid   valid target for treatment of thyroid tumours cancer hemopathy   useful targets for therapy during inflammatory diseases and malignancies affecting lymphocytesuseful targets for therapy during inflammatory diseases and malignancies affecting lymphocytes cardiovascular cardiomyopathy   cardiac protective role of SSTR2 via modulation of Ca(2+) associated signaling pathways attributed to cardiac hypertrophy

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS