SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION
| intracellular
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| intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
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| intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
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| intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,ribosome
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| intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule,centrosome
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| intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm,nuclear bodies,nuclear speckles
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| intracellular,nucleus,nucleolus
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| text
| APEX1 subcellular distribution is mainly nuclear |
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Cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum |
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localization has also been reported |
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Cys-65 controls APEX1 subcellular trafficking  |
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nucleolar accumulation of APEX1 depends on charged lysine residues that undergo acetylation upon genotoxic stress and modulate its BER activity in cells |
| basic FUNCTION
| APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme), endonuclease, apurinic |
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cleavage of phosphodiester bond immediately 5' to apurinic sites |
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is a redox coactivator of different transcription factors, such as early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), NF-kB and p53 |
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APEX1 is essential for early embryonic development in mice |
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may be involved in reducing the cytotoxicity and improving the therapeutic index of anti-HIV compounds belonging to the chain terminator category |
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playing an essential role for coping with the endogenous DNA damage in human cells grown in culture |
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repairs oxidative DNA damages in vitro |
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may have a role in protection against cell lethality and suppression of mutations |
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affects cell growth by directly acting on RNA quality control mechanisms |
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is a vital protein that acts as a master regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress conditions and contributes to the maintenance of genome stability |
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NPM1-APE1 interaction is required for APE1 subnuclear localization and for modulating the cleansing process of rRNA |
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playing a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress |
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not only involved in base excision repair, but also activates some transcriptional factors through its redox activity |
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key enzyme in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway |
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APEX1 redox function is required for retinal angiogenesis |
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major mammalian enzyme in DNA base excision repair that cleaves the DNA phosphodiester backbone immediately 5prime to abasic sites |
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protects cells from oxidative stress via the base excision repair pathway and as a redox transcriptional coactivator |
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upstream effector of VEGF, as well as other molecules that relate to angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, it is also being studied as a possible treatment for agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy |
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unique redox factor with properties distinct from those of other redox factors |
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multifunctional protein critical for cellular survival |
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in neurons, nuclear compartmentalization of APEX1 depends on ATP and loss of nuclear APEX1 reflects disruption of neuronal energy homeostasis |
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main abasic endonuclease in the base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions caused by oxidation/alkylation in mammalian cells |
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major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease that initiates the processing of AP sites |
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key role in telomere maintenance |
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multifunctional protein operating in protection of cells from oxidative stress via its DNA repair, redox, and transcription regulatory activities |
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functions in DNA repair of telomeres during the synthesis of DNA |
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is an essential DNA repair protein that also possesses the ability to regulate transcription |
