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FLASH GENE
Symbol SLC22A3 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 07-10-2015
HGNC name solute carrier family 22 (extraneuronal monoamine transporter), member 3
HGNC id 10967
Location 6q25.3      Physical location : 160.769.424 - 160.876.013
Synonym name
  • extraneural monoamine transporter
  • EMT organic cation transporter 3
  • solute carrier family 22 member 3
    • Synonym symbol(s) EMT, OCT3, EMTH
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    text part of the cluster SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA
    STRUCTURE 106.59 kb     11 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter
    Binding site
    text structure promoter with binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors SP1
    MAPPING cloned N linked   status confirmed
    regionally located clustered with SLC22A1 and SLC22A2
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    11 - 5624 61.15 556 - Gründemann (2000)
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Hearing/Equilibriumear   predominantly
    Nervousbrain   highly
    Reproductivemale systemprostate  highly
    cell lineage endometrial stroma (Bottalico 2007)
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period pregnancy
    Text placenta, most abundantly
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • twelve transmembrane domains (12TM)
  • cytoplasmic N and C termini
  • one nucleotide (ATP/GTP) binding site motif
    • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • major facilitator superfamily
  • organic cation transporter family
  • solute carrier family 22, extraneuronal monoamine
    • CATEGORY transport carrier
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
    text to the basolateral membrane (BLM) (Glube 2008)
    basic FUNCTION
  • polyspecific transporter of organic cations, sodium independent
  • playing a key role in the clearance of monoamines from extracellular compartments (Bottalico 2007)
  • can potentially regulate reuptake of monoamines in general and histamine in particular (Bottalico 2007)
  • participate in the renal secretion of several therapeutic agents, and interacts with renally secreted drugs (Glube 2008)
  • may modulate dopaminergic damage by bidirectionally regulating the local bioavailability of exogenous and endogenous toxic species (Cui 2009)
  • pivotal modulator of neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway (Cui 2009)
  • functions as a cation transporter in various organs, including prostate tissue, and plays a role eliminating small organic cations and toxins
  • NUDT11, SLC22A3, HNF1b contribute to prostate cancer pathogenesis
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS facilitated diffusion transport
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms, active in the dephosphorylated state
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    lower expression of mRNAs in pre-eclamptic placentae as compared to the control group (Bottalico 2004)
    tumoral     --low  
    inversely correlated with Prostate carcinoma progression, with reduced expression as disease advances
    constitutional     --over  
    of SLC22A3 and SLC47A1 in human placenta indicates these transporters may play a role in fetal protection preferentially at earlier stages of gestation
    Susceptibility
  • to coronary artery disease
  • to the development of polysubstance use in Japanese patients with Methamphetamine (MAP) dependence
  • to euphoria and potential for addiction and susceptibility to the toxicity of substances of abuse
    • Variant & Polymorphism SNP
  • four SNPs overlapping the SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA gene cluster associated to risk of coronary artery disease (Tregouet 2009)
  • polymorphisms of SLC22A3 related to the development of polysubstance use in Japanese patients with MAP dependence (Aoyama 2006)
  • polymorphisms may reduce or inactivate the function of SLC22A3 and therefore enhance the euphoria and potential for addiction and susceptibility to the toxicity of substances of abuse (Cui 2009)
    • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target Monoamine transporters may serve as a protective mechanism preventing vasoconstriction in the placental vascular bed and thereby securing a stable blood flow to the fetus (Bottalico 2004)
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS