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FLASH GENE
Symbol SYMPK contributors: mct/npt - updated : 19-01-2016
HGNC name symplekin
HGNC id 22935
Location 19q13.32      Physical location : 46.318.700 - 46.366.548
Synonym name Huntingtin interacting protein I
Synonym symbol(s) 5C2C, SYPLK, SYM, HYPI, SPK, FLJ27092
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 47.85 kb     27 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
27 - 4188 - 1274 - -
EXPRESSION
Type
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestineduodenum  
 liver    
 stomach    
Endocrinepancreas    
Reproductivemale systemtestis   
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Epithelialsecretoryglandularendocrine 
Epithelialsecretoryglandularexocrine 
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
 digestive
Lymphoid/Immunelymphocyte
cell lineage
cell lines lymphoma cell lines, erythroleukemia cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period fetal
Text brain
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
interspecies homolog to C.elegans F25g6.2
Homologene
FAMILY
CATEGORY adhesion , RNA associated
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane,junction,tight
    intracellular
intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm,nuclear bodies,nuclear speckles
text
  • cytoplasmic face of adhesion plaques (major)
  • localized at tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cells (Buchert 2010)
  • during mitosis, distributed diffusely throughout the nucleoplasm
  • co-localized with TJP1 at tight junctions
  • basic FUNCTION
  • with multiple other polyadenylation factors participate in 3prime-end maturation of histone mRNAs (Kolev 2005)
  • can associate with tight junctions, and functions in the regulation of polyadenylation and thereby promotes gene expression (Kavanagh 2006)
  • functionally interacts with CSDA, indicating that it can also promote transcriptional repression (Kavanagh 2006)
  • involved in RNA polyadenylation and transcriptional regulation that localizes at tight junctions in epithelial cells (Buchert 2009)
  • multifunctional protein implicated in transcription and translation as well as signaling at tight junctions
  • involved in the nuclear pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation machinery (Buchert 2010)
  • supports faithful mitosis by contributing to the formation of a bipolar spindle apparatus
  • required to support bipolar spindle formation in multiple non-small-cell lung cancer-derived tumor
  • required for high-fidelity mitosis, and modulates microtubule polymerization
  • is a multifunctional protein localized to both the tight junction and the nucleus with known roles in mRNA polyadenylation, proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis
  • SYMPK expression regulates the assembly of tight junctions, thus helps to maintain the integrity of the epithelial monolayer and cellular polarity
  • role of Symplekin in transcription repression involving a regulatory network between KAT6A, KMT2A and Symplekin
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • constituent of tight junction plaque protein
  • core component of the polyadenylation machinery, which has recently been implicated in regulating mitotic progression through phase-specific changes in poly(A) tail length
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • Huntingtin
  • association between symplekin and the Y-box transcription factor CSDA activates proliferation in intestinal and kidney cells (Buchert 2009)
  • cooperates with CSDA to negatively regulate intestinal goblet cell differentiation, acting by repression of AML1 and KLF4 (Buchert 2009)
  • interaction of CSTF2 with SYMPK is limiting for histone RNA 3 prime processing but relatively unimportant for cleavage/polyadenylation
  • interacts and co-localizes with both KAT6A and KMT2A in immature hematopoietic cells
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    may be an early step in the transformation of hepatocytes, whereas alteration of the expression of adherens junctions and desmosomes may indicate more serious changes (Cao 2007)
    tumoral     --over  
    nuclear overexpression promotes tumorigenesis in the colon and the regulation of CLDN2 expression is instrumental in this effect (Buchert 2010)
    tumoral     --over  
    in lung and colon cancer cells
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancer  
    therapeutic regimens that combine antimitotics with polyadenylation inhibitors may have an enhanced effectiveness for cytotoxicity in tumor cells while decreasing adverse events in normal tissues
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS