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FLASH GENE
Symbol LEFTY2 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 25-05-2010
HGNC name left-right determination factor 2
HGNC id 3122
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a N-terminal signal peptide
  • a TGFB4 sequence
  • two cleavage sites
    • conjugated GlycoP
    isoforms Precursor
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Lefty2
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • TGF-beta family of growth factors
    • CATEGORY signaling growth factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION
    text is secreted and released into body fluids
    basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role with LEFTYB, NODAL and PITX2 in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development
  • may also play a role in endometrial bleeding
  • antagonizing NODAL
  • its expression controlled by NODAL appears to have a substantial role in mesodermal origin cell population establishment, since inhibition of NODAL activity downregulated expression not only of LEFTY1 and LEFTY2 but also of BRACHYURY, an early mesodermal marker (Dvash 2007)
  • regulating endometrial MMP9
  • acts as a molecular switch that modulates both the induction of decidual differentiation and the maintenance of a decidualized state (Tang 2010)
    • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, proliferation/growth
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS development
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by transcription factor SMAD2/3
    inhibited by progesterone
    Other high expression requires activin-linked kinases (ALK) 4, 5 and 7
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) HTX9
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional        
    mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs
    constitutional        
    some types of infertility are associated with a dysregulated expression of the gene in the endometrium
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    lefty 1-/- mutant mice have bilateral expression of Nodal and left isomerism